Oxidative stress as a therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of early age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of irreversible visual loss among older adults in developed countries, is a chronic, multifactorial, and progressive disease with the development of painless, central vision loss. Retinal pigment epithelial cell dysfunction is a core change in age-...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Survey of ophthalmology 2021-05, Vol.66 (3), p.423-440
Main Authors: Jabbehdari, Sayena, Handa, James T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
age-related macular degeneration
Aged
Aging
antioxidant therapy
Antioxidants - therapeutic use
Humans
Macular Degeneration - drug therapy
Macular Degeneration - prevention & control
oxidative stress
Oxidative Stress - physiology
Retinal Pigment Epithelium
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Summary:Age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of irreversible visual loss among older adults in developed countries, is a chronic, multifactorial, and progressive disease with the development of painless, central vision loss. Retinal pigment epithelial cell dysfunction is a core change in age-related macular degeneration that results from aging and the accumulated effects of genetic and environmental factors that, in part, is both caused by and leads to oxidative stress. In this review, we describe the role of oxidative stress, the cytoprotective oxidative stress pathways, and the impact of oxidative stress on critical cellular processes involved in age-related macular degeneration pathobiology. We also offer targeted therapy that may define how antioxidant therapy can either prevent or improve specific stages of age-related macular degeneration. •No treatment is available for early, dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).•The retinal pigment epithelium is a major cell type involved in AMD pathobiology.•Oxidative stress is a known pathogenic factor, but its exact role is unclear.•Oxidative stress influences multiple processes of the RPE involved in AMD.•Antioxidants offer therapeutic potential for early AMD.
ISSN:0039-6257
1879-3304
DOI:10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.09.002