A high-performance solid-state electrocaloric cooling system

• Published in: Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2020-10, Vol.370 (6512), p.129-133
• Main Authors: Wang, Yunda, Zhang, Ziyang, Usui, Tomoyasu, Benedict, Michael, Hirose, Sakyo, Lee, Joseph, Kalb, Jamie, Schwartz, David
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Air conditioners; Air conditioning; Capacitors; Climate Control; Compression; Computer architecture; Coolers; Cooling; Cooling systems; Electric appliances; Electric fields; Flammability; Fluctuations; Greenhouse effect; Greenhouse gases; Heat; Heat flux; Heat transfer; Multilayers; New technology; Optimization; Refrigerants; Refrigeration; Scandium; Solid state; Temperature gradients; Vapor compression refrigeration; Vapors
• ISSN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.aba2648

Current large-scale cooling devices use vapor compression refrigeration. The efficiency of air conditioners has been optimized, but they can be noisy and rely on problematic greenhouse gases. Two groups now present designs for electrocaloric cooling using lead scandium tantalate capacitors that change temperature under an electric field. Y. Wang et al. obtained a very large heat flux using only solid materials and a cooling fan to remove heat from their device. Torello et al. used fluids for heat transfer, leading to a very large temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side. The new designs demonstrate the potential for devices that might be competitive with vapor compression–based appliances with further optimization. Science , this issue p. 129 , p. 125 Two designs for electrocaloric cooling suggest that it may be competitive with vapor compression cooling. Electrocaloric (EC) cooling is an emerging technology that has broad potential to disrupt conventional air conditioning and refrigeration as well as electronics cooling applications. EC coolers can be highly efficient, solid state, and compact; have few moving parts; and contain no environmentally harmful or combustible refrigerants. We report a scalable, high-performance system architecture, demonstrated in a device that uses PbSc 0.5 Ta 0.5 O 3 EC multilayer ceramic capacitors fabricated in a manufacturing-compatible process. We obtained a system temperature span of 5.2°C and a maximum heat flux of 135 milliwatts per square centimeter. This measured heat flux is more than four times higher than other EC cooling demonstrations, and the temperature lift is among the highest for EC systems that use ceramic multilayer capacitors.