Role of host genetics and cytokines in Leishmania infection

•Expression of cytokines after Leishmania infection depends on genotype of the host.•Genetic background often modifies effects of genetically engineered cytokine genes.•Genetic regulation of cytokine expression operates as integrative network.•Effects of individual Leishmania susceptibility genes ar...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cytokine (Philadelphia, Pa.) Pa.), 2021-11, Vol.147, p.155244-155244, Article 155244
Main Authors: Krayem, Imtissal, Lipoldová, Marie
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Chemokines
Cytokines
Cytokines - genetics
Genetic control
Host-Parasite Interactions - genetics
Humans
Integrative network
Leishmania
Leishmania - pathogenicity
Leishmaniasis - genetics
Leishmaniasis - parasitology
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Summary:•Expression of cytokines after Leishmania infection depends on genotype of the host.•Genetic background often modifies effects of genetically engineered cytokine genes.•Genetic regulation of cytokine expression operates as integrative network.•Effects of individual Leishmania susceptibility genes are functionally heterogeneous.•Genetic control of organ pathology and systemic immune response overlap only partially. Cytokines and chemokines are important regulators of innate and specific responses in leishmaniasis, a disease that currently affects 12 million people. We overviewed the current information about influences of genetically engineered mouse models of cytokine and chemokine on leishmaniasis. We found that genetic background of the host, parasite species and sub-strain, as well as experimental design often modify effects of genetically engineered cytokine genes. Next we analyzed genes and QTLs (quantitative trait loci) that control response to Leishmania species in mouse in order to establish relationship between genetic control of cytokine expression and organ pathology. These studies revealed a network-like complexity of the combined effects of the multiple functionally diverse QTLs and their individual specificity. Genetic control of organ pathology and systemic immune response overlap only partially. Some QTLs control both organ pathology and systemic immune response, but the effects of genes and loci with the strongest impact on disease are cytokine-independent, whereas several loci modify cytokines levels in serum without influencing organ pathology. Understanding this genetic control might be important in development of vaccines designed to stimulate certain cytokine spectrum.
ISSN:1043-4666
1096-0023
DOI:10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155244