Dark cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers are formed in the epidermis of Fitzpatrick skin types I/II and VI in vivo after exposure to solar‐simulated radiation

Introduction Unlike “light” cylobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) formed during ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, dark CPD (dCPD) are formed afterwards. Studies have attributed this to delayed melanin sensitization. There are no data on the role of melanin in dCPD formation in human skin. Methods a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pigment cell and melanoma research 2021-05, Vol.34 (3), p.575-584
Main Authors: Fajuyigbe, Damilola, Douki, Thierry, Dijk, Arjan, Sarkany, Robert P. E., Young, Antony R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Cyclobutane
cyclobutane dimers
Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers
Dimers
DNA Damage
DNA repair
Epidermis
Epidermis - metabolism
Epidermis - pathology
Epidermis - radiation effects
Exposure
Female
High-performance liquid chromatography
Humans
Liquid chromatography
Male
Melanin
Melanins - metabolism
Pyrimidine Dimers - chemistry
Pyrimidine Dimers - radiation effects
Repair
Skin
Skin - metabolism
Skin - pathology
Skin - radiation effects
Skin Aging
Skin Pigmentation
skin type
Sun screens
Ultraviolet radiation
Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects
Young Adult
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Summary:Introduction Unlike “light” cylobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) formed during ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, dark CPD (dCPD) are formed afterwards. Studies have attributed this to delayed melanin sensitization. There are no data on the role of melanin in dCPD formation in human skin. Methods and Results Volunteers of Fitzpatrick skin types (FST I/II vs. VI) were exposed to erythemally equivalent doses of solar simulated radiation. CPD were assessed by semi‐quantitative immunostaining in whole epidermis and in three epidermal zones, and quantitative HPLC‐MS/MS (whole epidermis) at different times post‐exposure up to 24 hr. A CPD peak that appeared at 1–2 hr post‐exposure in whole epidermis measurements, in all skin types, demonstrated dCPD. However, both dCPD and light CPD were absent in the basal layer of FST VI with the greatest melanin concentration. Modelling the whole epidermis data showed no differences between the repair kinetics of FST I/II and VI. Discussion Melanin may be a sensitizer or “sunscreen” for dCPD depending on its location and concentration. Previous CPD repair studies in human skin have assumed peak CPD immediately after UVR exposure and so have overestimated total repair.
ISSN:1755-1471
1755-148X
DOI:10.1111/pcmr.12956