Lipopolysaccharide induces platelet activation in HIV patients: the role of different viral load patterns

• Published in: HIV medicine 2021-07, Vol.22 (6), p.434-444
• Main Authors: Nocella, Cristina, Mezzaroma, Ivano, Cammisotto, Vittoria, Castellani, Valentina, Milito, Cinzia, Rugova, Alban, Frati, Giacomo, Pignatelli, Pasquale, Violi, Francesco, Pastori, Daniele, Carnevale, Roberto
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antiretroviral agents; Blood Platelets; CD40 antigen; CD40 Ligand; Correlation coefficient; Correlation coefficients; CYBB protein; Exposure; gut permeability; HIV; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV‐1; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Hydrogen peroxide; lipopolysaccharide; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology; NAD(P)H oxidase; NADPH oxidase; Oxidative stress; Phosphorylation; Platelet Activation; Platelets; TLR4 protein; TLR7 protein; TLRs; Toll-like receptors; Viral Load; Viremia
• ISSN: 1464-2662; 1468-1293
• DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13059

Objectives This study aimed to assess whether gut‐derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could affect platelet function in HIV‐1 patients with residual viral load. Methods In 23 HIV‐1 patients on effective antiretroviral treatment, 10 treatment‐naïve HIV‐1 subjects and 20 healthy subjects (HS), LPS, zonulin, markers of platelet activation and oxidative stress were evaluated. In vitro, platelets from HS were exposed to plasma from HIV‐1‐infected treated and untreated patients. Results Compared with HS, LPS was higher in treated and treatment‐naïve subjects with HIV‐1 (7.7 ± 2.9, 80.9 ± 13.7 and 75.3 ± 22.6 pg/mL, P