Temporal trends in co‐morbidities and cardiometabolic risk factors at the time of type 2 diabetes diagnosis in the UK

• Published in: Diabetes, obesity & metabolism obesity & metabolism, 2021-05, Vol.23 (5), p.1150-1161
• Main Authors: Ling, Joanna, Koye, Digsu, Buizen, Luke, Khunti, Kamlesh, Montvida, Olga, Paul, Sanjoy K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Age groups; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; Body mass index; cardiometabolic risk factors; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diagnosis; Dyslipidemia; electronic medical records; Hypertension; Lipids; Medical diagnosis; Microvasculature; Obesity; Primary care; real‐world evidence; Risk factors; type 2 diabetes; young‐onset diabetes
• ISSN: 1462-8902; 1463-1326
• DOI: 10.1111/dom.14323

Aim To evaluate temporal patterns in co‐morbidities, cardiometabolic risk factors and a high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk population at type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis by age groups and sex. Materials and Methods From the UK primary care database, 248,619 people with a new diagnosis of T2D during 2005–2016 were identified. Among people without ASCVD, high ASCVD risk was defined as two or more of current smoker, grade 2+ obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia or microvascular disease. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) was defined as two or more of cardiovascular disease, microvascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, grade 2+ obesity or cancer. Temporal patterns in the distribution of cardiometabolic risk factors were evaluated. Results While the prevalence of ASCVD was stable over time (approximately 18%), 50% were identified to have a high ASCVD risk (26% and 38% in the 18–39 and 40–49 years age groups, respectively), with an increasing trend across all age groups. Overall, 51% had CMM at diagnosis, increasing during 2005–2016 for the 18–39 years age group by 14%–17%, for the 40–49 years age group by 27%–33%, for the 50–59 years age group by 41%–50%, for the 60–69 years age group by 56%–65%, and for the 70–79 years age group by 65%–80%. People with young‐onset T2D had significantly higher HbA1c, body mass index and lipids at diagnosis (all p