Quantum Droplets of Dipolar Mixtures

Recently achieved two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates open exciting possibilities for the study of mixtures of ultradilute quantum liquids. While nondipolar self-bound (without external confinement) mixtures are necessarily miscible with an approximately fixed ratio between the two densi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physical review letters 2021-01, Vol.126 (2), p.025301-025301, Article 025301
Main Authors: Bisset, R N, Ardila, L A Peña, Santos, L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bose-Einstein condensates
Density ratio
Droplets
Impurities
Liquids
Miscibility
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Summary:Recently achieved two-component dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates open exciting possibilities for the study of mixtures of ultradilute quantum liquids. While nondipolar self-bound (without external confinement) mixtures are necessarily miscible with an approximately fixed ratio between the two densities, the density ratio for the dipolar case is free. Therefore, self-bound dipolar mixtures present qualitatively novel and much richer physics, characterized by three possible ground-state phases: miscible, symmetric immiscible, and asymmetric immiscible, which may in principle occur at any population imbalance. Self-bound immiscible droplets are possible due to mutual nonlocal intercomponent attraction, which results in the formation of a droplet molecule. Moreover, our analysis of the impurity regime shows that quantum fluctuations in the majority component crucially modify the miscibility of impurities. Our work opens intriguing perspectives for the exploration of spinor physics in ultradilute liquids, which should resemble to some extent that of ^{4}He-^{3}He droplets and impurity-doped helium droplets.
ISSN:0031-9007
1079-7114
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.025301