The nutritional status and dietary intake of free-living seniors: A cross-sectional study

• Published in: Clinical nutrition ESPEN 2021-06, Vol.43, p.478-486
• Main Authors: O'Connell, Maeve Lorraine, Coppinger, Tara, Lacey, Seán, Arsenic, Tijana, McCarthy, Aoife Louise
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Dietary intake; Elderly; Nutritional assessment; Nutritional status
• ISSN: 2405-4577; 2405-4577
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.02.020

Older adults are a population group at risk of inadequate nutrition due to reduced appetite, malabsorption, taste alterations and social factors. Yet, dietary investigations in Irish older adults are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyse the nutritional status and dietary intake of a sample of community-dwelling Irish elderly, in addition to the effect of age and gender on dietary intake in this age group. A cross-sectional study was performed in 162 (n = 91 female, n = 71 male, age 73.8 ± 6.8 years) adults aged 65 years and over in a region of Southern Ireland. Nutritional status was measured using the Mini Nutritional Assessment – Short Form (MNA-SF). Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). 21.0% and 1.2% of the study population were at risk of malnutrition and malnourished, respectively. A high prevalence of dietary insufficiencies was observed. The most common insufficiencies reported were energy (54.9%), fibre (82.7%), calcium (58.6%), magnesium (62.3%), iron (54.9%), folate (66.0%), vitamin D (93.2%) and vitamin E (61.1%). Increasing age did not significantly influence nutrient intakes in males, while vitamin C and vitamin D intakes decreased with age in females, and the incidence of dietary folate insufficiency was higher in the oldest females. Gender differences in dietary intake were evident, with a higher prevalence of dietary inadequacy in male subjects. Excessive intake of sugars, snacks and fats was observed, particularly in males, while dairy recommendations were not being met. Dietary supplement use was rare (27.2%). The poor dietary quality of this cohort may have significant health implications. Public health strategies to improve the diets of older adults are warranted, with a particular focus on increasing micronutrient intakes.