Calculation of the Paternity Index for STR with tri-allelic patterns in paternity testing

•The statistical interpretation of the Type 1 and Type 2 tri-allelic pattern in paternity testing is proposed.•General equations for the Type 1 and Type 2 tri-allelic pattern related paternity cases is suggested.•An Excel macro-enable TriPI package tool is provided to the calculation of paternity in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Forensic science international 2021-07, Vol.324, p.110832-110832, Article 110832
Main Authors: Yang, Qinrui, Yao, Yining, Shao, Chengchen, Zhou, Yuxiang, Li, Hui, Li, Chengtao, Tang, Qiqun, Xie, Jianhui
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biostatistics
Developmental stages
Forensic science
Forensic sciences
Genomes
Genotype & phenotype
Genotypes
Genotyping
Likelihood ratio
Mathematical analysis
Mutation
Paternity
Paternity testing
Personal identification
Statistical analysis
Tri-allelic pattern
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Summary:•The statistical interpretation of the Type 1 and Type 2 tri-allelic pattern in paternity testing is proposed.•General equations for the Type 1 and Type 2 tri-allelic pattern related paternity cases is suggested.•An Excel macro-enable TriPI package tool is provided to the calculation of paternity index concerning tri-allelic genotypes. The calculation of the paternity index (PI) value of common bi-allelic genotypes at STR loci has been standardized in paternity cases. However, for tri-allelic patterns, a rare category of genotyping aberration in forensic practice, the statistical analysis in paternity testing remains disputed. The Type 1 tri-allelic pattern generally results from somatic mutation in the early stage of individual development. The Type 2 tri-allelic pattern is commonly generated by segmental duplication in the genome. In this study, practical and theoretical aspects of the evaluation of evidence concerning the Type 1 and Type 2 tri-allelic patterns in healthy individuals are discussed based on the likelihood ratio (LR) in different categories of kinship cases. The calculation of the PI value concerning tri-allelic genotypes is formulated according to the generation and genetic transmission of tri-allelic patterns. Meanwhile, a package tool named TriPI is developed to assist the calculation of the PI value in paternity testing concerning tri-allelic subjects, which could benefit the evaluation of the weight of evidence in the interpretation of tri-allelic pattern in forensic practice.
ISSN:0379-0738
1872-6283
DOI:10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110832