Comparison of Inline R2 MRI versus FerriScan for liver iron quantification in patients on chelation therapy for iron overload: preliminary results

• Published in: European radiology 2021-12, Vol.31 (12), p.9296-9305
• Main Authors: Healy, Gerard M., Kannengiesser, Stephan A. R., Espin-Garcia, Osvaldo, Ward, Richard, Kuo, Kevin H. M., Jhaveri, Kartik S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Calibration; Chelation; Chelation therapy; Contours; Correlation coefficient; Correlation coefficients; Diagnostic Radiology; Imaging; Informed consent; Internal Medicine; Interventional Radiology; Iron; Liver; Magnetic Resonance; Magnetic resonance imaging; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Men; Modelling; Neuroradiology; Overloading; Prototypes; Radiology; Therapy; Ultrasound
• ISSN: 0938-7994; 1432-1084
• DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08019-0

Objectives MRI quantification of liver iron concentration (LIC) using R 2 or R 2 * relaxometry requires offline post-processing causing reporting delays, administrative overhead, and added costs. A prototype 3D multi-gradient-echo pulse sequence, with inline post-processing, allows immediate calculation of LIC from an R 2 * map (inline R 2 *-LIC) without offline processing. We compared inline R 2 *-LIC to FerriScan and offline R 2 * calibration methods. Methods Forty patients (25 women, 15 men; age 18–82 years), prospectively underwent FerriScan and the prototype sequence, which produces two R 2 * maps, with and without fat modeling, as well as an inline R 2 *-LIC map derived from the R 2 * map with fat modeling, with informed consent. For each map, the following contours were drawn: ROIs, whole-axial-liver contour, and an exact copy of contour utilized by FerriScan. LIC values from the FerriScan report and those calculated using an alternative R 2 calibration were the reference standards. Results were compared using Pearson and interclass correlation coefficients (PCC, ICC), linear regression, Bland-Altman analysis, and estimation of area under the receiver operator curve (ROC-AUC). Results Inline R 2 *-LIC demonstrated good agreement with the reference standards. Compared to FerriScan, inline R 2 *-LIC with whole-axial-liver contour, ROIs, and FerriScan contour demonstrated PCC of 94.8%, 94.8%, and 92%; ICC 93%, 92.7%, and 90.2%; regression slopes 1.004, 0.974, and 1.031; mean bias 5.54%, 10.91%, and 0.36%; and ROC-AUC estimates 0.903, 0.906, and 0.890 respectively. Agreement was maintained when adjusted for sex, age, diagnosis, liver fat content, and fat-water swap. Conclusion Inline R 2 *-LIC provides robust and comparable quantification of LIC compared to FerriScan, without the need for offline post-processing. Key Points • In patients being treated for iron overload with chelation therapy, liver iron concentration (LIC) is regularly assessed in order to monitor and adjust therapy. • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used to quantify LIC. Several R 2 and R 2 * methods are available, all of which require offline post-processing. • A novel R 2 * MRI method allows for immediate calculation of LIC and provides comparable quantification of LIC to the FerriScan and recently published alternative R 2 * methods.