Unmasking Mildew Resistance Locus O

Loss of Mildew Resistance Locus O (MLO) in barley confers durable resistance to powdery mildew fungi, which has led to its wide deployment in agriculture. Although MLO is a susceptibility factor, it has become nearly synonymous with powdery mildew resistance. However, MLO has been recently implicate...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in plant science 2021-10, Vol.26 (10), p.1006-1013
Main Authors: Jacott, Catherine N., Ridout, Christopher J., Murray, Jeremy D.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Airborne microorganisms
Arbuscular mycorrhizas
biotrophy
calcium signaling
Colonization
Endophytes
Fertilization
Fungi
Loci
mildew resistance locus O
Powdery mildew
Reactive oxygen species
ROS signaling
Susceptibility
Symbiosis
Thigmotropism
touch stimulus
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Summary:Loss of Mildew Resistance Locus O (MLO) in barley confers durable resistance to powdery mildew fungi, which has led to its wide deployment in agriculture. Although MLO is a susceptibility factor, it has become nearly synonymous with powdery mildew resistance. However, MLO has been recently implicated in colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and a fungal endophyte, confirming its importance for biotrophic interactions and in promoting symbiosis. Other MLO proteins are involved in essential sensory processes, particularly fertilization and thigmotropism. We propose external stimulus perception as a common theme in these interactions and consider a unified biochemical role, potentially relating to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium regulation, for MLOs across tissues and processes. Although Loss of Mildew Resistance Locus O (MLO) has become nearly synonymous with powdery mildew susceptibility, recent research reveals a much broader role in plant sensing and development.MLO is required for normal colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the endophyte Serendipita indica.Several MLO family members are required for other essential plant processes, including pollen tube reception and thigmotropism.While these processes appear disparate, they share a common theme: all involve the perception of an external physical stimulus, whether this is a different cell type (pollen tube), an organism (fungal/oomycete hypha), or inert objects (solid surfaces – root thigmotropism).MLO is calcium regulated and interacts with exocytotic machinery during perception, consistent with a potential role in the Golgi as well as the plasma membrane.
ISSN:1360-1385
1878-4372
DOI:10.1016/j.tplants.2021.05.009