The global emergence of Chikungunya infection: An integrated view

Summary Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is one of the emerging viruses around the globe. It belongs to the family Togaviridae and genus Alphavirus and is an arthropod borne virus that transmits by the bite of an infected mosquito, mainly through Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopcitus. It is a spherical, envel...

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Published in:Reviews in medical virology 2022-05, Vol.32 (3), p.e2287-n/a
Main Authors: Manzoor, Khanzadi Nazneen, Javed, Farakh, Ejaz, Muhammad, Ali, Mubashar, Mujaddadi, Neelam, Khan, Abid Ali, Khattak, Aamer Ali, Zaib, Assad, Ahmad, Ibrar, Saeed, Waqar Khalid, Manzoor, Sobia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus
alpha virus
Antiviral agents
Arthralgia
Cell interactions
Chikungunya virus
Diagnosis
Epidemiology
Fever
Genomes
Molecular modelling
Nucleotide sequence
Open reading frames
Vaccines
Viruses
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Summary:Summary Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is one of the emerging viruses around the globe. It belongs to the family Togaviridae and genus Alphavirus and is an arthropod borne virus that transmits by the bite of an infected mosquito, mainly through Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopcitus. It is a spherical, enveloped virus with positive single stranded RNA genome. It was first discovered during 1952‐53 in Tanganyika, after which outbreaks were documented in many regions of the world. CHIKV has two transmission cycles; an enzootic sylvatic cycle and an urban cycle. CHIKV genome contains 11,900 nucleotides and two open reading frames and shows great sequence variability. Molecular mechanisms of virus host‐cell interactions and the pathogenesis of disease are not fully understood. The disease involves three phases; acute, post‐acute and chronic with symptoms including high‐grade fever, arthralgia, macupapular rashes and headache. There is no licensed vaccine or specific treatment for CHIKV infection. This lack of specific interventions combined with difficulties in making a precise diagnosis together make the disease difficult to manage. In this review we aim to present the current knowledge of global epidemiology, transmission, structure, various aspects of diagnosis as well as highlight potential antiviral drugs and vaccines against CHIKV.
ISSN:1052-9276
1099-1654
DOI:10.1002/rmv.2287