Treatment of knee hyperextension in post-stroke gait. A systematic review

• Published in: Gait & posture 2022-01, Vol.91, p.137-148
• Main Authors: Geerars, Marieke, Minnaar-van der Feen, Nympha, Huisstede, Bionka M.A
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Gait; Gait Disorders, Neurologic - etiology; Gait Disorders, Neurologic - therapy; Genu recurvatum; Hemiparesis; Humans; Knee hyperextension; Orthotic Devices; Stroke; Stroke - complications; Stroke Rehabilitation
• ISSN: 0966-6362; 1879-2219
• DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.08.016

•Proprioceptive training most promising for knee hyperextension in post-stroke gait.•For the effects of orthotics and FES only limited and no evidence were found.•Clinicians should integrate a proprioceptive approach in rehab of these patients. Post-stroke, patients exhibit considerable variations in gait patterns. One of the variations that can be present in post-stroke gait is knee hyperextension in the stance phase. What is the current evidence for the effectiveness of the treatment of knee hyperextension in post-stroke gait? MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro, CINAHL, and the Cochrane library were searched for relevant controlled trials. Two researchers independently extracted the data and assessed the methological quality. A best evidence synthesis was conducted to summarize the results. Eight controlled trials (5 RCTs, 3 CCTs) were included. Three types of interventions were identified: proprioceptive training, orthotic treatment, and functional electrostimulation (FES). In the included studies, the time since the stroke occurrence varied from the (sub)acute phase to the chronic phase. Only short-term effects were investigated. The adjustment from a form of proprioceptive training to physiotherapy training programs seems to be effective (moderate evidence) for treating knee hyperextension in gait, as applied in the subacute phase post-stroke. Neither evidence for effects on gait speed nor gait symmetry were found as a result of proprioceptive training. Orthoses that cover the knee have some effects (limited evidence) on knee hyperextension and gait speed. No evidence was found for FES. This is the first systematic literature review on the effectiveness of interventions on knee hyperextension in post-stroke gait. We found promising results (moderate evidence) for some “proprioceptive approaches” as an add-on therapy to physiotherapy training programs for treating knee hyperextension during the subacute phase post-stroke, in the short-term. Therefore, initially, clinicians should implement a training program with a proprioceptive approach in order to restore knee control in these patients. Because only studies reporting short-term results were found, more high-quality RCTs and CCTs are needed that also study mid- and long-term effects.