Living and eating alone on depressive symptoms by physical frailty status: A cross-sectional study based on the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study

• Published in: Archives of gerontology and geriatrics 2022-01, Vol.98, p.104570-104570, Article 104570
• Main Authors: Moon, Ji Hyun, Huh, Jung Sik, Won, Chang Won, Kim, Hyeon Ju
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Aging; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Depression - epidemiology; Eating habits; Frail Elderly; Frailty; Frailty - epidemiology; Geriatric Assessment; Home Environment; Humans; Independent Living; Older adults; Republic of Korea - epidemiology; Social participation
• ISSN: 0167-4943; 1872-6976
• DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104570

•Depressive symptoms in older adults were associated with eating and living status.•Older adults who lived and ate alone showed a higher risk of depressive symptoms.•Eating alone was linked with depressive mood in robust adults. General health conditions in older adults, including their mental health, differ greatly based on their physical health conditions rather than age. Thus, we evaluated how lifestyle factors, which included eating and living, affected depressive symptoms in older adults based on their physical frailty status. We included older adults aged 70–84 years from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). Based on their eating and living patterns, we classified them into four groups: “lived and ate with others,” “lived alone yet ate with others,” “lived with others yet ate alone,” and “lived and ate alone.” Depressive symptoms and physical frailty were measured using the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale and modified version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Frailty Index, respectively. A total of 2,702 participants, 11.4% lived with others yet ate alone, and 19.7% lived and ate alone. For robust older adults, after adjusting for variables, the “ate alone” group was significantly related with depressive symptoms, and the “lived and ate alone” group showed a higher risk of depressive symptoms. In the prefrail to frail participants, the “lived and ate alone” group was at a higher risk of depressive symptoms. Eating and living alone are key risk factors for depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults regardless of their physical frailty status. Therefore, social interventions are needed for both physically frail and healthy older adults to support their eating patterns and increase opportunities for social interaction.