Gut microbiome status of urban and rural Filipino adults in relation to diet and metabolic disorders

• Published in: FEMS microbiology letters 2021-10, Vol.368 (20), p.1
• Main Authors: Watanabe, Mai, Sianoya, Abraham, Mishima, Riko, Therdtatha, Phatthanaphong, Rodriguez, Abigail, Ramos, Donna Christene, Lee, Yuan Kun, Dalmacio, Leslie Michelle, Nakayama, Jiro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adults; Carbohydrates; Clostridiales; Comparative analysis; Consumption; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Dietary intake; Digestive system; Dysbacteriosis; Dysbiosis - microbiology; Energy intake; Feces - microbiology; Filipinos; Food and nutrition; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genetic aspects; Humans; Intestinal microflora; Low carbohydrate diet; Metabolic Diseases - microbiology; Metabolic disorders; Metabolism; Metropolitan areas; Microbiology; Microbiomes; Microbiota; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Nutrient deficiency; Philippines; Physiological aspects; Prevotella; Principal components analysis; Regression analysis; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Rural Population; Sparsely populated areas; Urban Population
• ISSN: 1574-6968; 0378-1097; 1574-6968
• DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab149

ABSTRACT Here, we aim to understand the condition of the gut microbiome of Filipino adults in relation to their diet and metabolic status. Compared to rural Albay (n = 67), the gut microbiome of subjects living in urban Manila (n = 25) was more colonized by the order Clostridiales, which was negatively correlated with host carbohydrate consumption. Principal component analysis using the genus composition of the 92 total subjects indicated four microbiome types: one type driven by Prevotella, which was associated with high rice consumption and mainly consisted of healthy Albay subjects, one Clostridiales-driven group containing a number of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) subjects from both Manila and Albay who showed lower butyrate levels in association with a decrease in Mediterraneibacter faecis, and the other two types showing dysbiosis-like microbiomes with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium overgrowth, with a high ratio of T2D and obese subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested high dietary energy intake, and two Veillonellaeae genera, Dialister and Megasphaera, as T2D risk factors, while Prevotella and M. faecis as anti-T2D factors. In conclusion, low-carbohydrate diets restructured the Prevotella-driven gut microbiome, which may predispose Filipino people with high energy diet to T2D. Urban-type low-carbohydrate diets restructured the Prevotella-driven gut microbiome, which may predispose Filipino people with high energy diet to type 2 diabetes mellitus.