A meal enriched in saturated fat acutely impairs cognitive performance in obese men

•Obesity and insulin resistance are primary risk factors for dementia development.•We investigated how meals with different types of dietary fat influence cognition.•Saturated fat acutely impairs cognitive function in obese, but not lean, men.•Impairments in cognition in obese men associate with die...

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Published in:Physiology & behavior 2022-02, Vol.244, p.113664-113664, Article 113664
Main Authors: Ruegsegger, Gregory N., Rappaport, Chapin I., Hill, Justin J., Jochum, Kelly A., Challeen, Erik S., Roth, Michael C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Blood Glucose
Cognition
Cross-Over Studies
Dietary fat
Dietary Fats - pharmacology
Executive function
Fatty Acids
Humans
Insulin
Insulin resistance
Male
Meals
Memory
Nutrition
Obesity
Postprandial Period
Single-Blind Method
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Summary:•Obesity and insulin resistance are primary risk factors for dementia development.•We investigated how meals with different types of dietary fat influence cognition.•Saturated fat acutely impairs cognitive function in obese, but not lean, men.•Impairments in cognition in obese men associate with diet-induced insulin resistance. Diets chronically high in saturated fat (SFA) associate with obesity and insulin resistance (IR), which in turn associate with cognitive decline and dementia. However, understanding how acute SFA consumption influences cognition is less clear despite short-term SFA-enriched diets inducing whole-body IR. We examined how consuming meals enriched with SFA or monounsaturated fat (MUFA) acutely influence cognitive function in lean and obese men. We hypothesized that greater diet-induced IR following a SFA-enriched meal would associate with decreased cognitive performance. Twelve lean and 12 obese males ingested meals containing no fat (CTL), enriched with SFA, or enriched with MUFA in a single-blind, randomized fashion. Cognitive testing and blood sampling were performed pre- and 2 h post-meal. Oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) and body composition were also assessed. At baseline, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, IL-6, and 2-hr glucose during an OGTT were higher in obese men (p 
ISSN:0031-9384
1873-507X
DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113664