Therapeutic potential of CAR T cell in malignancies: A scoping review

• Published in: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy 2022-02, Vol.146, p.112512-112512, Article 112512
• Main Authors: Mehrabadi, Ali Zarezadeh, Ranjbar, Reza, Farzanehpour, Mahdieh, Shahriary, Alireza, Dorostkar, Ruhollah, Hamidinejad, Mohammad Ali, Ghaleh, Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antigenic Drift and Shift - immunology; Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells); Clinical trial; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Combinational therapies; Combined Modality Therapy; Hematologic Neoplasms - drug therapy; Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Immunotherapy, Adoptive - adverse effects; Immunotherapy, Adoptive - methods; Neoplasms - drug therapy; Oncolytic Virotherapy - methods; Oncolytic viruses; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen - administration & dosage; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen - therapeutic use; Toxicities; Tumor Microenvironment - immunology
• ISSN: 0753-3322; 1950-6007
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112512

Although tremendous advancements in cancer therapy over the last several years, cancer still is a complex illness to cure. Traditional cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, have a poor therapeutic effect, emphasizing the significance of employing innovative treatments like activated cell therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell is one of the most prevalent types of activated cell therapy have been developed to direct T lymphocytes toward cancers (CAR-T cells). CAR-T cells therapy has illustrated poor impact versus solid tumors despite the remarkable success in patients suffering from hematological malignancies. CAR-T cells must overcome various hurdles to obtain full responses to solid tumors, including growth, stability, trafficking, and destiny inside tumors. As a result, novel treatment methods will entail overcoming the challenges that CAR-T cells face in solid tumors. The use of CAR-T cells in combination with other therapeutic approaches such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immuno-checkpoint inhibitors, and oncolytic viruses can promote the effectiveness of CAR-T cell therapy for the treatment of solid tumors. However, more research is needed to determine the safety and effectiveness of these therapies. CAR-T cell treatment success rates vary by type of disease, but are predicted to reach up to 90% in patients with leukemia. However, since this kind of immunotherapy is still in its infancy, there is much to learn about its efficacy. This review provided an in-depth examination of CAR-T cell therapy and its success and failure as a cancer treatment approach. We also discuss combination therapies with CAR-T Cell. [Display omitted] •CAR-T cell therapy is one of several treatments included in cancer immunotherapy.•CAR T cells have been categorized into fifth distinct generations.•CAR-T cell therapy is not entirely safe, and this strategy has notable limitations.•Combination therapies improve the function of CAR-T cell efficiency in solid tumors.