Amendments and bioaugmentation enhanced phytoremediation and micro-ecology for PAHs and heavy metals co-contaminated soils

• Published in: Journal of hazardous materials 2022-03, Vol.426, p.128096-128096, Article 128096
• Main Authors: Cao, Xiufeng, Cui, Xiaowei, Xie, Meng, Zhao, Rui, Xu, Lei, Ni, Shouqing, Cui, Zhaojie
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biodegradation, Environmental; Combined pollution; Intensified phytoremediation; Metals, Heavy; PAH-degrading bacteria; Plant detoxification; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Soil; Soil Pollutants; Soil quality improvement
• ISSN: 0304-3894; 1873-3336
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128096

Co-existence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and multi-metals challenges the decontamination of large-scale contaminated sites. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the remediation potential of intensified phytoremediation in coping with complex co-contaminated soils. Results showed that the removal of PAHs and heavy metals is time-dependent, pollution-relevant, and plant-specific. Removal of sixteen PAHs by Medicago sativa L. (37.3%) was significantly higher than that of Solanum nigrum L. (20.7%) after 30 days. S. nigrum L. removed higher amounts of Cd than Zn and Pb, while M. sativa L. uptake more Zn. Nevertheless, amendments and microbial agents significantly increased the phytoremediation efficiency of pollutants and shortened the gap between plants. Cd removal and PAHs dissipation reached up to 80% and 90% after 90 days for both plants. Heavy metal stability in soil was promoted after the intensified phytoremediation. Plant lipid peroxidation was alleviated, regulated by changed antioxidant defense systems (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase). Soil enzyme activities including dehydrogenase, urease, and catalase increased up to 5-fold. Soil bacterial diversity and structure were changed, being largely composed of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Patescibacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. These findings provide a green and sustainable approach to decontaminating complex-polluted environments with comprehensive improvement of soil health. [Display omitted] •Amendments and microbes significantly improved PAHs dissipation and metal removal.•Additions reduced Cd, Pb, Zn availability, shortened plant gap for phytoremediation.•Additions relieved plant oxidative stress to elevate tolerance to co-contamination.•Soil micro-ecology was promoted physichemically, biochemically and genetically.•Soil bacterial community diversity was dramatically increased.