Iodine in household cooking salt no longer plays a crucial role in iodine status of residents in Tianjin, China

• Published in: European journal of nutrition 2022-08, Vol.61 (5), p.2435-2449
• Main Authors: Cui, Yushan, Wang, Yang, Hou, Changchun, Zhang, Dandan, Zheng, Pai, Chen, Zhangjian, Li, Wenfeng, Duan, Yani, Li, Fang, Liu, Hongliang, Jia, Guang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Children; Cooking; Goiter; Households; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Nutrition; Original Contribution; Pregnancy; Salts; Thyroid; Thyroid gland; Womens health
• ISSN: 1436-6207; 1436-6215
• DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02792-w

Purpose The contribution of household cooking salt to population iodine status is decreasing in China, the applicability of the coverage rate of iodized salt (IS), proportion of adequately iodized salt (AIS), and salt iodine concentration (SIC) of household cooking salt used for iodine status assessment of residents requires further investigation. Methods Through the IDD control project, 16,445 children and 4848 pregnant women were recruited from Tianjin, China and the relationship between the coverage rate of IS, proportion of AIS, SIC, and population iodine status was analyzed. Additionally, through the thyroid health survey project, 856 children with IS or noniodized salt were recruited. The effects of different household cooking salts on individual iodine status and thyroid health were analyzed. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, no relationship was found between the coverage rate of IS, proportion of AIS, SIC of household cooking salt, and iodine status of children and pregnant women (all P  > 0.05). No differences in levels of thyroid function and structural indicators were found in children with different household cooking salts (all P  > 0.05). Additionally, no relationship was found between noniodized salt exposure and goiter, overt hyperthyroidism, overt hypothyroidism, thyroid nodules, antibody single positivity, or subclinical hypothyroidism (all P  > 0.05). Conclusion Iodine in household cooking salt no longer plays a crucial role in iodine status in Tianjin, China. Other indicators must be identified as beneficial supplements for precise iodine status evaluation not only in Tianjin but also in other large cities in China.