Equivalence of the transition heat capacities of proteins and DNA

• Published in: Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2022-03, Vol.597, p.98-101
• Main Authors: Eskew, Matthew W., Benight, Albert S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Differential scanning calorimetry; DNA hairpin; Protein and DNA melting; Protein solvation; Transition heat capacity
• ISSN: 0006-291X; 1090-2104
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.129

It has been reported for many globular proteins that the native heat capacity at 25 °C, per gram, is the same. This has been interpreted to indicate that heat capacity is a fundamental property of native proteins that provides important information on molecular structure and stability. Heat capacities for both proteins and DNA has been suggested to be related to universal effects of hydration/solvation on native structures. Here we report on results from thermal denaturation analysis of two well-known proteins, human serum albumin and lysozyme, and a short DNA hairpin. The transition heat capacities at the Tm for the three molecules were quantitatively evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. When normalized per gram rather than per mol the transition heat capacities were found to be precisely equivalent. This observation for the transition heat capacities of the proteins is consistent with previous reports. However, an identical transition heat capacity for DNA has not been reported and was unexpected. Further analysis of the collected data suggested a mass dependence of hydration effects on thermal denaturation that is preserved at the individual protein amino acid and DNA base levels. Equivalence of transition heat capacities suggests the possibility of a universal role of hydration effects on the thermal stability of both proteins and DNA. [Display omitted] •Transition heat capacities for proteins and DNA are equivalent per mass.•Transition heat capacities are equivalent regardless of Tm.•Maximum calorimetric peak heights differ by a factor of PSV.•Transition heat capacities measured for HSA, lysozyme, and a short DNA hairpin.