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Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in beach sediments of Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt

The Egyptian beaches on the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba in Sinai are a destination for international tourism throughout the year. Therefore, assessing the concentration levels of heavy metal pollutants and identifying the extent of their impact on human health is important. Single and integrated p...

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Published in:	Marine pollution bulletin 2022-04, Vol.177, p.113517-113517, Article 113517
Main Authors:	Nour, Hamdy E., Helal, Sobhi A., Wahab, Mohamed Abdel
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Subjects:	Anthropogenic factors Assessment Beaches Cadmium Carcinogens Coefficients Contamination Copper Health risk Health risks Heavy metals Human influences Lead Mercury Mercury (metal) Metal concentrations Pollutants Pollution index Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba Risk assessment Sediments Tourism Zinc
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description	The Egyptian beaches on the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba in Sinai are a destination for international tourism throughout the year. Therefore, assessing the concentration levels of heavy metal pollutants and identifying the extent of their impact on human health is important. Single and integrated pollutants indices have been used to assess the risks of these elements. The results of single indices proved that the study area contain Fe and Zn came mostly from natural source while Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg originated from anthropogenic sources. However, the integrated pollutants indices revealed that this area is not polluted with heavy metals. On the other hand, the hazard index, and the carcinogenic risk over the lifetime coefficients proved that the beach sand of the study area is completely safe and does not have additional health risks to children or adults, where LCR
doi_str_mv	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113517
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On the other hand, the hazard index, and the carcinogenic risk over the lifetime coefficients proved that the beach sand of the study area is completely safe and does not have additional health risks to children or adults, where LCR < 10−6. •The study area represents the most important tourist areas on the Red Sea coasts and Sinai.•Highest levels of Cu, and Pb were recorded at El-Hamrawein, while the highest levels of Fe, Cd, Zn and Hg were recorded at Sharm El-Sheikh, Marsa Alam, Ras Mohamed and Na’ama Bay beaches respectively.•From the studied index, there are no observed pollution in the study areas, and the heavy metals originate from natural and anthropogenic sources.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0025-326X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-3363</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113517</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35299149</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Anthropogenic factors ; Assessment ; Beaches ; Cadmium ; Carcinogens ; Coefficients ; Contamination ; Copper ; Health risk ; Health risks ; Heavy metals ; Human influences ; Lead ; Mercury ; Mercury (metal) ; Metal concentrations ; Pollutants ; Pollution index ; Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba ; Risk assessment ; Sediments ; Tourism ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Marine pollution bulletin, 2022-04, Vol.177, p.113517-113517, Article 113517</ispartof><rights>2022 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. 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On the other hand, the hazard index, and the carcinogenic risk over the lifetime coefficients proved that the beach sand of the study area is completely safe and does not have additional health risks to children or adults, where LCR < 10−6. •The study area represents the most important tourist areas on the Red Sea coasts and Sinai.•Highest levels of Cu, and Pb were recorded at El-Hamrawein, while the highest levels of Fe, Cd, Zn and Hg were recorded at Sharm El-Sheikh, Marsa Alam, Ras Mohamed and Na’ama Bay beaches respectively.•From the studied index, there are no observed pollution in the study areas, and the heavy metals originate from natural and anthropogenic sources.</description><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Assessment</subject><subject>Beaches</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Carcinogens</subject><subject>Coefficients</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Health risk</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Human influences</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>Mercury (metal)</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Pollution index</subject><subject>Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Tourism</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>0025-326X</issn><issn>1879-3363</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkc1u1DAURi0EokPhFcASmy7I4J84tpejUSlIlZDaLthZjnPDeEjsaexUmrfHYUoX3XRlyT7f56t7EPpEyZoS2nzdr0c7HeLQzsOaEcbWlHJB5Su0okrqivOGv0YrQpioOGt-naF3Ke0JIZJJ-hadccG0prVeobiNIdvRB5t9DNiGDu_ADnmHJ5_-YJsSpDRCyDj2y8vDEY-Q7ZCwD7gF63Y4QecXIi3IDXT4Fuy_oqt56Je7zb1t7Rd8-ft4yO_Rm76k4cPjeY7uvl3ebb9X1z-vfmw315WtGcuVEL1lgmshbNuBkkRyYZnVmikL0rVCK0Z027QgnFC15rJmTgomC6KV4ufo4lR7mOL9DCmb0ScHw2ADxDkZ1tSUEKqFLujnZ-g-zlMowxVKcKE4U6JQ8kS5KaY0QW8Oky8OjoYSsygxe_OkxCxKzElJSX587J_bEbqn3H8HBdicACj7ePAwmeQ8BFfWOoHLpov-xU_-AgBbn6k</recordid><startdate>202204</startdate><enddate>202204</enddate><creator>Nour, Hamdy E.</creator><creator>Helal, Sobhi A.</creator><creator>Wahab, Mohamed Abdel</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202204</creationdate><title>Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in beach sediments of Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt</title><author>Nour, Hamdy E. ; 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source	ScienceDirect Journals
subjects	Anthropogenic factors Assessment Beaches Cadmium Carcinogens Coefficients Contamination Copper Health risk Health risks Heavy metals Human influences Lead Mercury Mercury (metal) Metal concentrations Pollutants Pollution index Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba Risk assessment Sediments Tourism Zinc
title	Contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals in beach sediments of Red Sea and Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt
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