Constrained iterative Hirshfeld charges: A variational approach

We develop a variational procedure for the iterative Hirshfeld (HI) partitioning scheme. The main practical advantage of having a variational framework is that it provides a formal and straightforward approach for imposing constraints (e.g., fixed charges on certain atoms or molecular fragments) whe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of chemical physics 2022-05, Vol.156 (19), p.194109-194109
Main Authors: Pujal, Leila, van Zyl, Maximilian, Vöhringer-Martinez, Esteban, Verstraelen, Toon, Bultinck, Patrick, Ayers, Paul W., Heidar-Zadeh, Farnaz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atomic properties
Computation
Constraints
Information theory
Iterative methods
Mathematical analysis
Partitioning
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Summary:We develop a variational procedure for the iterative Hirshfeld (HI) partitioning scheme. The main practical advantage of having a variational framework is that it provides a formal and straightforward approach for imposing constraints (e.g., fixed charges on certain atoms or molecular fragments) when computing HI atoms and their properties. Unlike many other variants of the Hirshfeld partitioning scheme, HI charges do not arise naturally from the information-theoretic framework, but only as a reverse-engineered construction of the objective function. However, the procedure we use is quite general and could be applied to other problems as well. We also prove that there is always at least one solution to the HI equations, but we could not prove that its self-consistent equations would always converge for any given initial pro-atom charges. Our numerical assessment of the constrained iterative Hirshfeld method shows that it satisfies many desirable traits of atoms in molecules and has the potential to surpass existing approaches for adding constraints when computing atomic properties.
ISSN:0021-9606
1089-7690
DOI:10.1063/5.0089466