Investigating the potential of sustainable use of green silica in the green tire industry: a review

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2022-07, Vol.29 (34), p.51298-51317
• Main Authors: Shoul, Behnaz, Marfavi, Yousef, Sadeghi, Banafsheh, Kowsari, Elaheh, Sadeghi, Peyman, Ramakrishna, Seeram
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural wastes; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biodegradability; Biodegradable wastes; Biodegradation; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide emissions; Consumption; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Emissions; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental protection; Environmental science; Farm buildings; Green products; Greenhouse gases; Production costs; Raw materials; Review Article; Rubber; Silica; Silicon dioxide; Sustainable use; Tires; Waste Water Technology; Wastes; Water Management; Water Pollution Control
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20894-8

Undoubtedly, with the increasing emission of greenhouse gases and non-biodegradable wastes as the consequence of over energy and material consumption, the demands for environmentally friendly products are of significant importance. Green tires, a superb alternative to traditional tires, could play a substantial part in environmental protection owing to lower toxic and harmful substances in their construction and their higher decomposition rate. Furthermore, manufacturing green tires using green silica as reinforcement has a high capacity to save energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, pollution, and raw material consumption. Nevertheless, their production costs are expensive in comparison with conventional tires. In this review article, by studying green tires, the improvement of silica-rubber mixing, as well as the production of green silica from agricultural wastes, were investigated. Not only does the consumption of agricultural wastes save resources considerably, but it also could eventually lead to the reduction of silica production expenses. The cost of producing green silica is about 50% lower than producing conventional silica, and since it weighs about 17% of green silica tires, it can reduce the cost of producing green rubber. Accordingly, we claim that green silica has provided acceptable properties of silica in tires. Apart from the technical aspect, environmental and economic challenges are also discussed, which can ultimately be seen as a promising prospect for the use of green silica in the green tire industry. Graphical abstract