Evolution of the formation of barium titanate in the citrate process : the effect of the pH and the molar ratio of barium ion and citric acid

In this investigation, several experiments were conducted to study the effects of the molar ratio of barium ion and citric acid and the pH value on the formation of BaTiO3 by the citrate process. It was found that the molar ratio of barium ion and citric acid and the pH value could affect the chelat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of materials science 1998, Vol.33 (14), p.3721-3727
Main Authors: TSAY, J.-D, FANG, T.-T, GUBIOTTI, T. A, YING, J. Y
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Barium
Barium titanates
Building materials. Ceramics. Glasses
Ceramic industries
Chelation
Chemical industry and chemicals
Chemistry
Citric acid
Colloidal state and disperse state
Electrotechnical and electronic ceramics
Exact sciences and technology
General and physical chemistry
Materials science
Powders
Technical ceramics
Thermal decomposition
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Summary:In this investigation, several experiments were conducted to study the effects of the molar ratio of barium ion and citric acid and the pH value on the formation of BaTiO3 by the citrate process. It was found that the molar ratio of barium ion and citric acid and the pH value could affect the chelation of carboxylate groups and Ba/Ti ions at temperatures below 450 °C but they seemed not to influence the formation of BaTiO3. The development of an oxycarbonate intermediate during the thermal decomposition of (Ba,Ti) gel was confirmed, which was suggested to possess a structure of BaTiO3, whereby CO−23 was located inside the layer structure.
ISSN:0022-2461
1573-4803
DOI:10.1023/A:1004636219542