Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting of Black Silicon Photoanode with pH‐Dependent Copper‐Bipyridine Catalysts

• Published in: Chemistry : a European journal 2022-10, Vol.28 (57), p.e202201520-n/a
• Main Authors: Jian, Jing‐Xin, Liao, Jia‐Xin, Zhou, Mu‐Han, Yao, Ming‐Ming, Chen, Yi‐Jing, Liang, Xi‐Wen, Liu, Chao‐Ping, Tong, Qing‐Xiao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Catalysts; Charge transfer; Chemistry; Copper; copper bipyridine; Dimers; Energy conversion; Isomerization; Oxidation; oxygen evolution reaction; pH effects; Photoanodes; Photoelectric effect; Silicon; silicon photoanode; solar conversion; Solar energy; Solar energy conversion; Surface charge; Water depth; Water splitting
• ISSN: 0947-6539; 1521-3765
• DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201520

Since the water oxidation half‐reaction requires the transfer of multi‐electrons and the formation of O−O bond, it's crucial to investigate the catalytic behaviours of semiconductor photoanodes. In this work, a bio‐inspired copper‐bipyridine catalyst of Cu(dcbpy) is decorated on the nanoporous Si photoanode (black Si, b‐Si). Under AM1.5G illumination, the b‐Si/Cu(dcbpy) photoanode exhibits a high photocurrent density of 6.31 mA cm−2 at 1.5 VRHE at pH 11.0, which is dramatically improved from the b‐Si photoanode (1.03 mA cm−2) and f‐Si photoanode (0.0087 mA cm−2). Mechanism studies demonstrate that b‐Si/Cu(dcbpy) has improved light‐harvesting, interfacial charge‐transfer, and surface area for water splitting. More interestingly, b‐Si/Cu(dcbpy) exhibits a pH‐dependent water oxidation behaviour with a minimum Tafel slope of 241 mV/dec and the lowest overpotential of 0.19 V at pH 11.0, which is due to the monomer/dimer equilibrium of copper catalyst. At pH ∼11, the formation of dimeric hydroxyl‐complex could form O−O bond through a redox isomerization (RI) mechanism, which decreases the required potential for water oxidation. This in‐depth understanding of pH‐dependent water oxidation catalyst brings insights into the design of dimer water oxidation catalysts and efficient photoanodes for solar energy conversion. Copper‐bipyridine catalyst of Cu(dcbpy) is decorated on black Si (b‐Si) to improve its water splitting performance. Notably, b‐Si/Cu(dcbpy) photoanode exhibits a pH‐dependent water oxidation behaviour with the lowest overpotential of 0.19 V and Tafel slop of 241 mV/dec at pH 11. Mechanism studies indicate that the formation of dimer complex at pH 11 could generate O−O bond via redox isomerization, resulting in low overpotential for efficient water oxidation.