Metabolomics driven analysis of Nigella sativa seeds identifies the impact of roasting on the chemical composition and immunomodulatory activity

•197 metabolites, belonging to different classes, were identified from nigella seeds by a non-targeted metabolomics approach.•Metabolomics profiles of raw and roasted nigella seeds revealed distinct metabolic signatures.•The roasted seeds showed significant decreases in the immunomodulatory activity...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food chemistry 2023-01, Vol.398, p.133906-133906, Article 133906
Main Authors: Salem, Mohamed A., El-Shiekh, Riham A., Aborehab, Nora M., Al‐Karmalawy, Ahmed A., Ezzat, Shahira M., Alseekh, Saleh, Fernie, Alisdair R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Functional food
Immunomodulatory activity
Metabolites profiling
Molecular docking
Nigella seeds
Roasting
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Summary:•197 metabolites, belonging to different classes, were identified from nigella seeds by a non-targeted metabolomics approach.•Metabolomics profiles of raw and roasted nigella seeds revealed distinct metabolic signatures.•The roasted seeds showed significant decreases in the immunomodulatory activity.•Compounds showing best binding scores against immunomodulatory-related protein (iNOS) docking were severely decreased by roasting. Nigella sativa L. seeds (NS) are known as one of the most traditional immunomodulatory and nutritive food additives. NS can, furthermore, be roasted to give curries, breads, and other dishes a smoky, nutty flavor. This study evaluated the effect of roasting NS on the metabolic profile and immunomodulatory activity. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis was conducted using several analytical platforms, including GC–MS and UPLC-MS. A total of 197 metabolites were identified, belonging to different classes such as saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and lipids. In vitro immunomodulatory activity on the differentiated monocytic cell line THP-1 was assessed, revealing that the roasted seeds showed significantly-decreased immunomodulatory activity. Furthermore, a molecular docking study, which was carried out against immunomodulation-related pathway protein (iNOS), revealed that compounds which showed the best binding scores were severely decreased by roasting. Conclusively, our results demonstrate that the roasting of NS results in severe losses in their bioactive metabolites and immunomodulatory activity.
ISSN:0308-8146
1873-7072
DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133906