PRRS virus receptors and an alternative pathway for viral invasion

•Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) shows strict cell tropism.•9 putative receptors, among which CD163, have been identified for PRRSV.•PRRSV invades cells via low pH-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis.•PRRSV utilizes viral apoptotic mimicry to also infect cells though...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Virus research 2022-10, Vol.320, p.198885-198885, Article 198885
Main Authors: Ye, Ni, Wang, Bin, Feng, Wei, Tang, Deyuan, Zeng, Zhiyong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic - metabolism
Antiviral strategies
apoptosis
Betaarterivirus suid 1
endocytosis
Interaction
ligands
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus - metabolism
Receptor
Receptors, Virus - genetics
Receptors, Virus - metabolism
Swine
Viral apoptotic mimicry
viruses
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Summary:•Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) shows strict cell tropism.•9 putative receptors, among which CD163, have been identified for PRRSV.•PRRSV invades cells via low pH-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis.•PRRSV utilizes viral apoptotic mimicry to also infect cells though macropinocytosis. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has a highly restricted cell tropism, which is closely related to the specific receptors associated with PRRSV infection. At least nine cellular molecules have been identified as putative receptors for PRRSV, including CD163, a cysteine-rich scavenger receptor. With the participation of the CD163 receptor and other cofactors, PRRSV invades cells via low pH-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In addition, PRRSV utilizes viral apoptotic mimicry to infect cells though macropinocytosis as an alternative pathway. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the studies on receptors and pathways that play an important role in PRRSV invasion, and simultaneously explore the use of specific antibodies, small molecules, and blockers targeting receptor–ligand interactions, as a potential strategy for controlling PRRSV infection. Novel antiviral strategies against PRRSV could be developed by identifying the interaction between receptors and ligands.
ISSN:0168-1702
1872-7492
DOI:10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198885