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Prevalence and risk factors associated with different comorbidities in obese children and adolescents

Different obesity-related comorbidities already present in childhood, such as: vitamin D deficiency, impaired carbohydrate metabolism, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In this study, we aim to analyse the prevalence of comorbidities and to determine the predict...

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Published in:Endocrinología, diabetes y nutrición. diabetes y nutrición., 2022-10, Vol.69 (8), p.566-575
Main Authors: López-Galisteo, Juan Pablo, Gavela-Pérez, Teresa, Mejorado-Molano, Francisco Javier, Pérez-Segura, Pilar, Aragón-Gómez, Isabel, Garcés, Carmen, Soriano-Guillén, Leandro
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Language:English
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Summary:Different obesity-related comorbidities already present in childhood, such as: vitamin D deficiency, impaired carbohydrate metabolism, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In this study, we aim to analyse the prevalence of comorbidities and to determine the predictive factors that affect these comorbidities. Anthropometric, demographic and biochemical variables were collected from obese patients between six and 18 years of age. Subsequently, a statistical analysis was performed to describe the characteristics of the patients and the prevalence of comorbidities, as well as their predictive factors. A total of 158 obese children (76 boys and 82 girls) with a mean age at diagnosis of 12.48 years and a BMI Z-score of +3.24 SDS were included. The most prevalent comorbidities were vitamin D deficiency (64.2%), insulin resistance (45.1%), dyslipidaemia (32.2%), hyperuricaemia (18.5%) and arterial hypertension (15%). Age, BMI Z-score, percentage of fat mass and male sex have been found to be predictors of these comorbidities. Obese children and adolescents have a high prevalence of comorbidities. Once the diagnosis of obesity has been established, it would be very useful to identify early those patients with a higher risk of comorbidities, knowing their relationship with sex, age, BMI Z-score, percentage of fat mass and pubertal stage. Diferentes comorbilidades relacionadas con la obesidad se presentan ya en la etapa infantil como, por ejemplo: déficit de vitamina D, alteración del metabolismo hidrocarbonado, dislipemia, hipertensión arterial y esteatohepatitis no alcohólica. En el presente estudio queremos analizar la prevalencia de estas comorbilidades en niños y adolescentes obesos y estudiar los factores predictores relacionados con la aparición de las mismas. Se recogieron variables antropométricas, datos demográficos y bioquímicos de pacientes obesos entre seis y dieciocho años. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis estadístico para describir las características de los pacientes, la prevalencia de comorbilidades, así como los factores predictores de las mismas. Se incluyeron un total de 158 niños obesos (76 niños y 82 niñas) con una edad media al diagnóstico de 12,48 años y un IMC Z-Score de +3,24 SDS. Las comorbilidades más prevalentes fueron déficit de vitamina D (64,2%), insulinorresistencia (45,1%), dislipemia (32,2%), hiperuricemia (18,5%) e hipertensión arterial (15%). Como factores predictores de estas comorbilidade
ISSN:2530-0180
2530-0180
DOI:10.1016/j.endien.2021.10.012