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A New OATP‐Mediated Hepatobiliary‐Specific Mn(II)‐Based MRI Contrast Agent for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice: A Comparison With Gd‐EOB‐DTPA
Background Growing concerns about the safety of gadolinium (Gd)‐based contrast agents have reinforced the need for the development of Gd‐free MRI contrast agents (CAs) that are effective in imaging liver tumors. Purpose To evaluate the ability of Mn‐BnO‐TyEDTA MRI CA to detect hepatocellular carcino...
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| Published in: | Journal of magnetic resonance imaging 2023-09, Vol.58 (3), p.926-933 |
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| container_title | Journal of magnetic resonance imaging |
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| creator | Xue, Yuan Xiao, Bin Xia, Zhiyang Dai, Lixiong Xia, Qian Zhong, Lei Zhu, Chunrong Zhu, Jiang |
| description | Background
Growing concerns about the safety of gadolinium (Gd)‐based contrast agents have reinforced the need for the development of Gd‐free MRI contrast agents (CAs) that are effective in imaging liver tumors.
Purpose
To evaluate the ability of Mn‐BnO‐TyEDTA MRI CA to detect hepatocellular carcinoma in a mouse model of implanted liver tumor.
Study Type
Prospective.
Animal Model
Thirteen orthotopically implanted liver tumor mice.
Field Strength/Sequence
3.0 T/precontrast and postcontrast T1‐weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo and T2‐weighted fast recovery fast spin‐echo imaging with fat suppression.
Assessment
The relative enhancement ratio was calculated and statistically compared. Lesion detection in postcontrast images was analyzed by calculations of area under the curve (AUC, the increases in liver‐to‐tumor contrast‐to‐noise ratio [∆CNR] vs. time curve). Mn or Gd levels were measured in the liver and tumoral tissues by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. Tumor specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and the expression of organic anion transfer peptide (OATP)1B1 was evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF) staining and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was calculated.
Statistical Tests
Unpaired t‐test and two‐tailed paired t‐test. P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jmri.28590 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2761984179</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2761984179</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3570-cb33779ed8d586dc32384a57c1443effe7d9fcc1e7803b833c66396b81207e9d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kc1u1DAURiNERUthwwMgS2xKpRT_JLHdXTqUdqoOU8Eglpbj3IBHSRzsRFV3fQSWPB9PUk9nYMGCjX1ln_vp2idJXhF8QjCm79adtydU5BI_SQ5ITmlKc1E8jTXOWUoE5vvJ8xDWGGMps_xZss-KIpYyO0h-legj3KJlubr5ff9zAbXVI9ToEgY9usq2Vvu7ePF5AGMba9CiP5rP38aTMx0it_g0RzPXj16HEZXfoB9R4_yu3UDbTq32aKa9sb3rNLI9WlgDp6iMbd2gvQ2uR1_t-B1d1DH1fHkW1_erm_JFstfoNsDL3X6YfPlwvppdptfLi_msvE4NyzlOTcUY5xJqUcc314ZRJjKdc0OyjEHTAK9lYwwBLjCrBGOmKJgsKkEo5iBrdpgcbXMH735MEEbV2bCZXPfgpqAoL4gUGeEyom_-Qddu8n2cTlGRFZIxJopIHW8p410IHho1eNvFb1QEq40vtfGlHn1F-PUucqo6qP-ifwRFgGyBW9vC3X-i1FV0sQ19AEqSowI</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2846933386</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A New OATP‐Mediated Hepatobiliary‐Specific Mn(II)‐Based MRI Contrast Agent for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice: A Comparison With Gd‐EOB‐DTPA</title><source>Wiley</source><creator>Xue, Yuan ; Xiao, Bin ; Xia, Zhiyang ; Dai, Lixiong ; Xia, Qian ; Zhong, Lei ; Zhu, Chunrong ; Zhu, Jiang</creator><creatorcontrib>Xue, Yuan ; Xiao, Bin ; Xia, Zhiyang ; Dai, Lixiong ; Xia, Qian ; Zhong, Lei ; Zhu, Chunrong ; Zhu, Jiang</creatorcontrib><description>Background
Growing concerns about the safety of gadolinium (Gd)‐based contrast agents have reinforced the need for the development of Gd‐free MRI contrast agents (CAs) that are effective in imaging liver tumors.
Purpose
To evaluate the ability of Mn‐BnO‐TyEDTA MRI CA to detect hepatocellular carcinoma in a mouse model of implanted liver tumor.
Study Type
Prospective.
Animal Model
Thirteen orthotopically implanted liver tumor mice.
Field Strength/Sequence
3.0 T/precontrast and postcontrast T1‐weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo and T2‐weighted fast recovery fast spin‐echo imaging with fat suppression.
Assessment
The relative enhancement ratio was calculated and statistically compared. Lesion detection in postcontrast images was analyzed by calculations of area under the curve (AUC, the increases in liver‐to‐tumor contrast‐to‐noise ratio [∆CNR] vs. time curve). Mn or Gd levels were measured in the liver and tumoral tissues by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. Tumor specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and the expression of organic anion transfer peptide (OATP)1B1 was evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF) staining and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was calculated.
Statistical Tests
Unpaired t‐test and two‐tailed paired t‐test. P < 0.05 was considered statistical significance.
Results
Mn‐BnO‐TyEDTA and Gd‐EOB‐DTPA demonstrated nearly identical enhancement patterns in the liver, tumor, and psoas muscle and no difference in lesion detection (AUC10–30, Mn = 851 ∆CR·min, AUC10–30, Gd = 823 ∆CR·min). A Significant higher concentration of metal (Mn or Gd) was found in the liver compared to the tumor ([Mn]liver = 0.88 ± 0.07 μmmol/g, [Mn]tumor = 0.49 ± 0.05 μmmol/g, [Gd]liver = 0.65 ± 0.07 μmmol/g, [Gd]tumor = 0.27 ± 0.04 μmmol/g). IF staining showed significantly decreased expression of OATP1B1 in the tumor core compared to the liver (MFItumor = 5.28 ± 1.54, MFIliver = 25.49 ± 3.41).
Data Conclusion
Mn‐BnO‐TyEDTA can provide comparable hepatobiliary tumor contrast enhancement to Gd‐EOB‐DTPA.
Evidence Level
1
Technical Efficacy
Stage 1</description><identifier>ISSN: 1053-1807</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1522-2586</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28590</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36609994</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Animal models ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - diagnostic imaging ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology ; Chromium ; Contrast agents ; Contrast media ; Contrast Media - chemistry ; Evaluation ; Field strength ; Fluorescence ; Gadolinium ; Gadolinium DTPA - chemistry ; hepatobiliary‐specific MRI contrast agents ; Hepatocellular carcinoma ; hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ; Image enhancement ; Immunofluorescence ; Inductively coupled plasma ; Lesions ; Liver ; Liver - diagnostic imaging ; Liver - pathology ; Liver cancer ; Liver Neoplasms - pathology ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods ; Manganese (II) ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Medical imaging ; Metal concentrations ; Mice ; Organic Anion Transporters ; Organic anion transporting polypeptide ; Prospective Studies ; Psoas muscle ; Staining ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical tests ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>Journal of magnetic resonance imaging, 2023-09, Vol.58 (3), p.926-933</ispartof><rights>2023 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.</rights><rights>2023 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3570-cb33779ed8d586dc32384a57c1443effe7d9fcc1e7803b833c66396b81207e9d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3570-cb33779ed8d586dc32384a57c1443effe7d9fcc1e7803b833c66396b81207e9d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7437-2956</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36609994$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Xue, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xia, Zhiyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dai, Lixiong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xia, Qian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Chunrong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Jiang</creatorcontrib><title>A New OATP‐Mediated Hepatobiliary‐Specific Mn(II)‐Based MRI Contrast Agent for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice: A Comparison With Gd‐EOB‐DTPA</title><title>Journal of magnetic resonance imaging</title><addtitle>J Magn Reson Imaging</addtitle><description>Background
Growing concerns about the safety of gadolinium (Gd)‐based contrast agents have reinforced the need for the development of Gd‐free MRI contrast agents (CAs) that are effective in imaging liver tumors.
Purpose
To evaluate the ability of Mn‐BnO‐TyEDTA MRI CA to detect hepatocellular carcinoma in a mouse model of implanted liver tumor.
Study Type
Prospective.
Animal Model
Thirteen orthotopically implanted liver tumor mice.
Field Strength/Sequence
3.0 T/precontrast and postcontrast T1‐weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo and T2‐weighted fast recovery fast spin‐echo imaging with fat suppression.
Assessment
The relative enhancement ratio was calculated and statistically compared. Lesion detection in postcontrast images was analyzed by calculations of area under the curve (AUC, the increases in liver‐to‐tumor contrast‐to‐noise ratio [∆CNR] vs. time curve). Mn or Gd levels were measured in the liver and tumoral tissues by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. Tumor specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and the expression of organic anion transfer peptide (OATP)1B1 was evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF) staining and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was calculated.
Statistical Tests
Unpaired t‐test and two‐tailed paired t‐test. P < 0.05 was considered statistical significance.
Results
Mn‐BnO‐TyEDTA and Gd‐EOB‐DTPA demonstrated nearly identical enhancement patterns in the liver, tumor, and psoas muscle and no difference in lesion detection (AUC10–30, Mn = 851 ∆CR·min, AUC10–30, Gd = 823 ∆CR·min). A Significant higher concentration of metal (Mn or Gd) was found in the liver compared to the tumor ([Mn]liver = 0.88 ± 0.07 μmmol/g, [Mn]tumor = 0.49 ± 0.05 μmmol/g, [Gd]liver = 0.65 ± 0.07 μmmol/g, [Gd]tumor = 0.27 ± 0.04 μmmol/g). IF staining showed significantly decreased expression of OATP1B1 in the tumor core compared to the liver (MFItumor = 5.28 ± 1.54, MFIliver = 25.49 ± 3.41).
Data Conclusion
Mn‐BnO‐TyEDTA can provide comparable hepatobiliary tumor contrast enhancement to Gd‐EOB‐DTPA.
Evidence Level
1
Technical Efficacy
Stage 1</description><subject>Animal models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Contrast agents</subject><subject>Contrast media</subject><subject>Contrast Media - chemistry</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Field strength</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Gadolinium</subject><subject>Gadolinium DTPA - chemistry</subject><subject>hepatobiliary‐specific MRI contrast agents</subject><subject>Hepatocellular carcinoma</subject><subject>hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)</subject><subject>Image enhancement</subject><subject>Immunofluorescence</subject><subject>Inductively coupled plasma</subject><subject>Lesions</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Liver - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Liver - pathology</subject><subject>Liver cancer</subject><subject>Liver Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</subject><subject>Manganese (II)</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Organic Anion Transporters</subject><subject>Organic anion transporting polypeptide</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Psoas muscle</subject><subject>Staining</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Statistical tests</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><issn>1053-1807</issn><issn>1522-2586</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kc1u1DAURiNERUthwwMgS2xKpRT_JLHdXTqUdqoOU8Eglpbj3IBHSRzsRFV3fQSWPB9PUk9nYMGCjX1ln_vp2idJXhF8QjCm79adtydU5BI_SQ5ITmlKc1E8jTXOWUoE5vvJ8xDWGGMps_xZss-KIpYyO0h-legj3KJlubr5ff9zAbXVI9ToEgY9usq2Vvu7ePF5AGMba9CiP5rP38aTMx0it_g0RzPXj16HEZXfoB9R4_yu3UDbTq32aKa9sb3rNLI9WlgDp6iMbd2gvQ2uR1_t-B1d1DH1fHkW1_erm_JFstfoNsDL3X6YfPlwvppdptfLi_msvE4NyzlOTcUY5xJqUcc314ZRJjKdc0OyjEHTAK9lYwwBLjCrBGOmKJgsKkEo5iBrdpgcbXMH735MEEbV2bCZXPfgpqAoL4gUGeEyom_-Qddu8n2cTlGRFZIxJopIHW8p410IHho1eNvFb1QEq40vtfGlHn1F-PUucqo6qP-ifwRFgGyBW9vC3X-i1FV0sQ19AEqSowI</recordid><startdate>202309</startdate><enddate>202309</enddate><creator>Xue, Yuan</creator><creator>Xiao, Bin</creator><creator>Xia, Zhiyang</creator><creator>Dai, Lixiong</creator><creator>Xia, Qian</creator><creator>Zhong, Lei</creator><creator>Zhu, Chunrong</creator><creator>Zhu, Jiang</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7437-2956</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202309</creationdate><title>A New OATP‐Mediated Hepatobiliary‐Specific Mn(II)‐Based MRI Contrast Agent for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice: A Comparison With Gd‐EOB‐DTPA</title><author>Xue, Yuan ; Xiao, Bin ; Xia, Zhiyang ; Dai, Lixiong ; Xia, Qian ; Zhong, Lei ; Zhu, Chunrong ; Zhu, Jiang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3570-cb33779ed8d586dc32384a57c1443effe7d9fcc1e7803b833c66396b81207e9d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Animal models</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Contrast agents</topic><topic>Contrast media</topic><topic>Contrast Media - chemistry</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Field strength</topic><topic>Fluorescence</topic><topic>Gadolinium</topic><topic>Gadolinium DTPA - chemistry</topic><topic>hepatobiliary‐specific MRI contrast agents</topic><topic>Hepatocellular carcinoma</topic><topic>hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)</topic><topic>Image enhancement</topic><topic>Immunofluorescence</topic><topic>Inductively coupled plasma</topic><topic>Lesions</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Liver - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Liver - pathology</topic><topic>Liver cancer</topic><topic>Liver Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance imaging</topic><topic>magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</topic><topic>Manganese (II)</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Mass spectroscopy</topic><topic>Medical imaging</topic><topic>Metal concentrations</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Organic Anion Transporters</topic><topic>Organic anion transporting polypeptide</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Psoas muscle</topic><topic>Staining</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Statistical tests</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Xue, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xia, Zhiyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dai, Lixiong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xia, Qian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Chunrong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Jiang</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of magnetic resonance imaging</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xue, Yuan</au><au>Xiao, Bin</au><au>Xia, Zhiyang</au><au>Dai, Lixiong</au><au>Xia, Qian</au><au>Zhong, Lei</au><au>Zhu, Chunrong</au><au>Zhu, Jiang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A New OATP‐Mediated Hepatobiliary‐Specific Mn(II)‐Based MRI Contrast Agent for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice: A Comparison With Gd‐EOB‐DTPA</atitle><jtitle>Journal of magnetic resonance imaging</jtitle><addtitle>J Magn Reson Imaging</addtitle><date>2023-09</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>58</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>926</spage><epage>933</epage><pages>926-933</pages><issn>1053-1807</issn><eissn>1522-2586</eissn><abstract>Background
Growing concerns about the safety of gadolinium (Gd)‐based contrast agents have reinforced the need for the development of Gd‐free MRI contrast agents (CAs) that are effective in imaging liver tumors.
Purpose
To evaluate the ability of Mn‐BnO‐TyEDTA MRI CA to detect hepatocellular carcinoma in a mouse model of implanted liver tumor.
Study Type
Prospective.
Animal Model
Thirteen orthotopically implanted liver tumor mice.
Field Strength/Sequence
3.0 T/precontrast and postcontrast T1‐weighted fast spoiled gradient recalled echo and T2‐weighted fast recovery fast spin‐echo imaging with fat suppression.
Assessment
The relative enhancement ratio was calculated and statistically compared. Lesion detection in postcontrast images was analyzed by calculations of area under the curve (AUC, the increases in liver‐to‐tumor contrast‐to‐noise ratio [∆CNR] vs. time curve). Mn or Gd levels were measured in the liver and tumoral tissues by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. Tumor specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and the expression of organic anion transfer peptide (OATP)1B1 was evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF) staining and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was calculated.
Statistical Tests
Unpaired t‐test and two‐tailed paired t‐test. P < 0.05 was considered statistical significance.
Results
Mn‐BnO‐TyEDTA and Gd‐EOB‐DTPA demonstrated nearly identical enhancement patterns in the liver, tumor, and psoas muscle and no difference in lesion detection (AUC10–30, Mn = 851 ∆CR·min, AUC10–30, Gd = 823 ∆CR·min). A Significant higher concentration of metal (Mn or Gd) was found in the liver compared to the tumor ([Mn]liver = 0.88 ± 0.07 μmmol/g, [Mn]tumor = 0.49 ± 0.05 μmmol/g, [Gd]liver = 0.65 ± 0.07 μmmol/g, [Gd]tumor = 0.27 ± 0.04 μmmol/g). IF staining showed significantly decreased expression of OATP1B1 in the tumor core compared to the liver (MFItumor = 5.28 ± 1.54, MFIliver = 25.49 ± 3.41).
Data Conclusion
Mn‐BnO‐TyEDTA can provide comparable hepatobiliary tumor contrast enhancement to Gd‐EOB‐DTPA.
Evidence Level
1
Technical Efficacy
Stage 1</abstract><cop>Hoboken, USA</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>36609994</pmid><doi>10.1002/jmri.28590</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7437-2956</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1053-1807 |
| ispartof | Journal of magnetic resonance imaging, 2023-09, Vol.58 (3), p.926-933 |
| issn | 1053-1807 1522-2586 |
| language | eng |
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| subjects | Animal models Animals Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - diagnostic imaging Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology Chromium Contrast agents Contrast media Contrast Media - chemistry Evaluation Field strength Fluorescence Gadolinium Gadolinium DTPA - chemistry hepatobiliary‐specific MRI contrast agents Hepatocellular carcinoma hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Image enhancement Immunofluorescence Inductively coupled plasma Lesions Liver Liver - diagnostic imaging Liver - pathology Liver cancer Liver Neoplasms - pathology Magnetic resonance imaging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Manganese (II) Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Medical imaging Metal concentrations Mice Organic Anion Transporters Organic anion transporting polypeptide Prospective Studies Psoas muscle Staining Statistical analysis Statistical tests Tumors |
| title | A New OATP‐Mediated Hepatobiliary‐Specific Mn(II)‐Based MRI Contrast Agent for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice: A Comparison With Gd‐EOB‐DTPA |
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