Caco-2 cell-derived biomimetic electrochemical biosensor for cholera toxin detection

• Published in: Biosensors & bioelectronics 2023-04, Vol.226, p.115105-115105, Article 115105
• Main Authors: Kim, Yonghwan, Lee, Dongtak, Seo, Youngjun, Jung, Hyo Gi, Jang, Jae Won, Park, Dongsung, Kim, Insu, Kim, Jaeheung, Lee, Gyudo, Hwang, Kyo Seon, Kim, Seung-Hyun, Lee, Sang Won, Lee, Jeong Hoon, Yoon, Dae Sung
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bioinspired; Biomimetics; Biosensing Techniques; Biosensor; Caco-2 Cells; Caco-2 cell membrane; Cholera; Cholera - microbiology; Cholera Toxin; Cholera toxin subunit B; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; G(M1) Ganglioside; Humans
• ISSN: 0956-5663; 1873-4235
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115105

Cholera is a highly contagious and lethal waterborne disease induced by an infection with Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) secreting cholera toxin (CTx). Cholera toxin subunit B (CTxB) from the CTx specifically binds with monosialo-tetra-hexosyl-ganglioside (GM1) found on the exterior cell membrane of an enterocyte. Bioinspired by the pathological process of CTx, we developed an electrochemical biosensor with GM1-expressing Caco-2 cell membrane (CCM) on the electrode surface. Briefly, the electrode surface was functionalized with CCM using the vesicle fusion method. We determined the CTxB detection performances of Caco-2 cell membrane-coated biosensor (CCB) using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). the CCB had an excellent limit of detection of ∼11.46 nM and a detection range spanning 100 ng/mL - 1 mg/mL. In addition, the CCB showed high selectivity against various interfering molecules, including abundant constituents of intestinal fluid and various bacterial toxins. The long-term stability of the CCBs was also verified for 3 weeks using EIS. Overall, the CCB has excellent potential for practical use such as point-of-care and cost-effective testing for CTxB detection in developing countries.