The chemical composition of fogs and intercepted clouds in the United States

Over the past decade, the chemical compositions of fogs and intercepted clouds have been investigated at more than a dozen locations across the United States. Sampling sites have been located in the northeast, southeast, Rocky Mountain, and west coast regions of the US. They include both pristine an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Atmospheric research 2002-09, Vol.64 (1), p.29-40
Main Authors: Collett, Jeffrey L, Bator, Aaron, Sherman, D.Eli, Moore, Katharine F, Hoag, Katherine J, Demoz, Belay B, Rao, Xin, Reilly, Jill E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ammonium
Chemical composition and interactions. Ionic interactions and processes
Cloud
Composition
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
External geophysics
Fog
Meteorology
Nitrate
Sea salt
Sulfate
Water in the atmosphere (humidity, clouds, evaporation, precipitation)
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Summary:Over the past decade, the chemical compositions of fogs and intercepted clouds have been investigated at more than a dozen locations across the United States. Sampling sites have been located in the northeast, southeast, Rocky Mountain, and west coast regions of the US. They include both pristine and heavily polluted locations. Frontal/orographic clouds (warm and supercooled), intercepted coastal stratiform clouds, and radiation fogs have all been examined. Sample pH values range from below 3 to above 7. Major ions also exhibit a wide concentration range, with clouds at some locations exhibiting high sea salt concentrations, while composition at other locations is dominated by ammonium and sulfate or nitrate.
ISSN:0169-8095
1873-2895
DOI:10.1016/S0169-8095(02)00077-7