Application of CAR‐T cell technology in autoimmune diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection treatment

• Published in: The journal of gene medicine 2023-05, Vol.25 (5), p.e3484-n/a
• Main Authors: Adabi, Nasim, Pordel, Safoora, Rezaee, Mohammad Ali, Shobeiri, Fatemeh Sadat, Shobeiri, Saeideh Sadat
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Autoantibodies; Autoimmune diseases; Autoimmune Diseases - metabolism; CAR‐T; Cell therapy; chimeric antigen receptor; Chimeric antigen receptors; cytotoxic T cells; Gene therapy; HIV; HIV Infections - therapy; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Immunotherapy; Immunotherapy, Adoptive - methods; Infectious diseases; Lymphocytes T; Major histocompatibility complex; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell - metabolism; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen; T-Lymphocytes; Tregs
• ISSN: 1099-498X; 1521-2254
• DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3484

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy is an immunotherapy approach that has played a tremendous role in the battle against cancer for years. Since the CAR T lymphocytes are unrestricted‐major histocompatibility complex T lymphocytes, they could identify more targets than natural T cells, resulting in practical and widespread functions. The good prospects of CAR T‐cell therapy in oncology can be additionally applied to treat other diseases such as autoimmune and infectious diseases. CAR‐T cell‐derived immunotherapy for autoimmune disorders can be allocated to CAR‐Tregs and chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells. Other generations of CARs target human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) proteins. In this review, we summarize CAR‐T cell therapies in autoimmune disorders and HIV infection. T cells are isolated from the patient or donor, genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and (re‐)injected into the patient’s body. CAR T‐cells can be used to eliminate pathological cells or CARs may be used to direct Tregs to the autoimmune environment where they can activate, proliferate and apply their suppressive function.