Revisiting the environmental impact of renewable energy, non-renewable energy, remittances, and economic growth: CO2 emissions versus ecological footprint for top remittance-receiving countries

The study examined the impact of renewable energy, non-renewable energy, remittances, and economic growth on environmental degradation from the perspective of carbon dioxide emissions (CO 2 ) and ecological footprint for the top 50 remittance-receiving countries for 1991–2018. This study simulates t...

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Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2023-05, Vol.30 (23), p.63565-63579
Main Authors: Umair, Muhammad, Yousuf, Muhammad Uzair, Ul-Haq, Jabbar, Hussain, Zahid, Visas, Hubert
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide emissions
Developing countries
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecological footprint
Economic analysis
Economic development
Economic growth
Economics
Ecotoxicology
Emissions
Energy
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental degradation
Environmental Health
Environmental impact
Environmental science
Footprint analysis
Impact analysis
LDCs
Least squares
Remittances
Renewable energy
Renewable resources
Research Article
Sustainable development
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water Pollution Control
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Summary:The study examined the impact of renewable energy, non-renewable energy, remittances, and economic growth on environmental degradation from the perspective of carbon dioxide emissions (CO 2 ) and ecological footprint for the top 50 remittance-receiving countries for 1991–2018. This study simulates the environmental future for attaining the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) using the latest datasets. This study is one of the few that empirically explores how various explanatory variables affect CO 2 and ecological footprint. The study employed the pool mean group autoregressive distributive lag (PMG-ARDL), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) techniques for the analysis. In the long-run, non-renewable energy and economic growth have a positive impact, whereas renewable energy and remittances have a negative impact on CO 2 and ecological footprint. The impact of non-renewable energy on CO 2 and ecological footprint is more significant than renewable energy in both the short- and long-run. Most of the variables have a bidirectional causality among each other. This highlights the need for a paradigm shift towards renewable energy in the top recipients specifically for developing countries.
ISSN:1614-7499
0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-023-26812-w