Hybrid biomaterials to preconcentrate and determine toxic metals and metalloids: a review

Toxic elements represent a serious threat to the environment and cause harmful effects on different environmental components, even at trace levels. These toxic elements are often difficult to detect through the typical instrumentation of an analytical laboratory because they are found at very low co...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 2023-07, Vol.415 (16), p.3073-3091
Main Authors: Ingrassia, Estefanía B., Fiorentini, Emiliano F., Escudero, Leticia B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical Chemistry
Biochemistry
Biocompatibility
Biomaterials
Biomedical materials
Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Critical Review
Detection limits
Food Science
Identification and classification
Instrumentation
Laboratories
Laboratory Medicine
Low concentrations
Mathematical analysis
Metalloids
Metals
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
Properties
Reagents
Solid phases
Trace levels
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Summary:Toxic elements represent a serious threat to the environment and cause harmful effects on different environmental components, even at trace levels. These toxic elements are often difficult to detect through the typical instrumentation of an analytical laboratory because they are found at very low concentrations in matrices such as food and water. Therefore, preconcentration plays a fundamental role since it allows the effects of the matrix to be minimized, thus reaching lower detection limits and greater sensitivity of detection techniques. In recent years, solid-phase extraction has been successfully used for the preconcentration of metals as an environmentally friendly technique due to the fact that it eliminates or minimizes the use of reagents and solvents and offers reduced analysis times and low generation of waste in the laboratory. Hybrid biomaterials are low-cost, eco-friendly, and useful as efficient solid phases for the preconcentration of elements. In this review, recent investigations based on the use of hybrid biomaterials for the preconcentration and determination of toxic metals are presented and discussed, given special attention to bionanomaterials. A brief description of hybrid biomaterials often used for analytical purposes, as well as analytical techniques mostly used to characterize the hybrid biomaterials, is explained. Finally, the future prospects that encourage the search for new hybrid biomaterials are commented upon.
ISSN:1618-2642
1618-2650
DOI:10.1007/s00216-023-04683-x