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Tandem Hydroformylation‐Aldol Condensation Reaction Enabled by Zn‐MOF‐74

The tandem hydroformylation‐aldol condensation (tandem HF‐AC) reaction offers an efficient synthetic route to the synthesis of industrially relevant products. The addition of Zn‐MOF‐74 to the cobalt‐catalyzed hydroformylation of 1‐hexene enables tandem HF‐AC under milder pressure and temperature con...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemistry : a European journal 2023-07, Vol.29 (38), p.e202300939-n/a
Main Authors: Gäumann, Patrick, Rohrbach, Thomas, Artiglia, Luca, Ongari, Daniele, Smit, Berend, Bokhoven, Jeroen A., Ranocchiari, Marco
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:The tandem hydroformylation‐aldol condensation (tandem HF‐AC) reaction offers an efficient synthetic route to the synthesis of industrially relevant products. The addition of Zn‐MOF‐74 to the cobalt‐catalyzed hydroformylation of 1‐hexene enables tandem HF‐AC under milder pressure and temperature conditions than the aldox process, where zinc salts are added to cobalt‐catalyzed hydroformylation reactions to promote aldol condensation. The yield of the aldol condensation products increases by up to 17 times compared to that of the homogeneous reaction without MOF and up to 5 times compared to the aldox catalytic system. Both Co2(CO)8 and Zn‐MOF‐74 are required to significantly enhance the activity of the catalytic system. Density functional theory simulations and Fourier‐transform infrared experiments show that heptanal, the product of hydroformylation, adsorbs on the open metal site (OMS) of Zn‐MOF‐74, thereby increasing the electrophilic character of the carbonyl carbon atom and facilitating the condensation. Catalytic amounts of Zn‐MOF‐74 promoted the aldol condensation in a cobalt‐catalyzed hydroformylation reaction. The investigation of the system showed that the cobalt catalyst and Zn‐MOF‐74 facilitate the aldol condensation in a cooperative fashion. Zn‐MOF‐74 activates the aldehyde product by adsorption, as shown by DFT.
ISSN:0947-6539
1521-3765
DOI:10.1002/chem.202300939