Different GCMs yet similar outcome: predicting the habitat distribution of Shorea robusta C.F. Gaertn. in the Indian Himalayas using CMIP5 and CMIP6 climate models

• Published in: Environmental monitoring and assessment 2023-06, Vol.195 (6), p.715-715, Article 715
• Main Authors: Kaur, Sharanjeet, Kaushal, Siddhartha, Adhikari, Dibyendu, Raj, Krishna, Rao, K. S., Tandon, Rajesh, Goel, Shailendra, Barik, Saroj K., Baishya, Ratul
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Annual precipitation; Annual temperatures; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Bioclimatology; Climate change; Climate Models; Climate prediction; Dipterocarpaceae; Distribution; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecology; Economic importance; Ecosystem; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental degradation; Environmental impact; Environmental Management; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental science; Exploitation; Geographical distribution; Habitat loss; Habitats; Impact prediction; Modelling; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis; Plant species; Regeneration; Regeneration (biological); Regional development; Salts; Seasonal variations; Seasonality; Shorea robusta; Sodium Chloride; Species
• ISSN: 0167-6369; 1573-2959
• DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11317-3

Climate change impact on the habitat distribution of umbrella species presents a critical threat to the entire regional ecosystem. This is further perilous if the species is economically important. Sal ( Shorea robusta C.F. Gaertn.), a climax forest forming Central Himalayan tree species, is one of the most valuable timber species and provides several ecological services. Sal forests are under threat due to over-exploitation, habitat destruction, and climate change. Sal’s poor natural regeneration and its unimodal density-diameter distribution in the region illustrate the peril to its habitat. We, modelled the current as well as future distribution of suitable sal habitats under different climate scenarios using 179 sal occurrence points and 8 bioclimatic environmental variables (non-collinear). The CMIP5-based RCP4.5 and CMIP6-based SSP245 climate models under 2041–2060 and 2061–2080 periods were used to predict the impact of climate change on sal’s future potential distribution area. The niche model results predict the mean annual temperature and precipitation seasonality as the most influential sal habitat governing variables in the region. The current high suitability region for sal was 4.36% of the total geographic area, which shows a drastic decline to 1.31% and 0.07% under SSP245 for 2041–60 and 2061–80, respectively. The RCP-based models predicted more severe impact than SSP; however, both RCP and SSP models showed complete loss of high suitability regions and overall shift of species northwards in the Uttarakhand state. We could identify the current and future suitable habitats for conserving sal population through assisted regeneration and management of other regional issues.