Main Factors Shaping Amino Acid Usage Across Evolution

The standard genetic code determines that in most species, including viruses, there are 20 amino acids that are coded by 61 codons, while the other three codons are stop triplets. Considering the whole proteome each species features its own amino acid frequencies, given the slow rate of change, clos...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of molecular evolution 2023-08, Vol.91 (4), p.382-390
Main Authors: Lamolle, Guillermo, Simón, Diego, Iriarte, Andrés, Musto, Héctor
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Amino Acids - genetics
Animal Genetics and Genomics
Animals
Base Composition
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Cell Biology
Codon - genetics
Codons
Eukaryotes
Evolution
Evolution, Molecular
Evolutionary Biology
Genetic Code
Genomes
Life Sciences
Mammals - genetics
Microbiology
Mini-Review
Plant Genetics and Genomics
Plant Sciences
Prokaryotes
Proteins
Proteome - genetics
Proteomes
Species
Viruses
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Summary:The standard genetic code determines that in most species, including viruses, there are 20 amino acids that are coded by 61 codons, while the other three codons are stop triplets. Considering the whole proteome each species features its own amino acid frequencies, given the slow rate of change, closely related species display similar GC content and amino acids usage. In contrast, distantly related species display different amino acid frequencies. Furthermore, within certain multicellular species, as mammals, intragenomic differences in the usage of amino acids are evident. In this communication, we shall summarize some of the most prominent and well-established factors that determine the differences found in the amino acid usage, both across evolution and intragenomically.
ISSN:0022-2844
1432-1432
DOI:10.1007/s00239-023-10120-5