Approximate spectral decomposition of Fisher information matrix for simple ReLU networks

• Published in: Neural networks 2023-07, Vol.164, p.691-706
• Main Authors: Takeishi, Yoshinari, Iida, Masazumi, Takeuchi, Jun’ichi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Fisher information; Machine learning; Neural networks; Neural Networks, Computer; Neurons
• ISSN: 0893-6080; 1879-2782
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2023.05.017

We argue the Fisher information matrix (FIM) of one hidden layer networks with the ReLU activation function. For a network, let W denote the d×p weight matrix from the d-dimensional input to the hidden layer consisting of p neurons, and v the p-dimensional weight vector from the hidden layer to the scalar output. We focus on the FIM of v, which we denote as I. Under certain conditions, we characterize the first three clusters of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the FIM. Specifically, we show that the following approximately holds. (1) Since I is non-negative owing to the ReLU, the first eigenvalue is the Perron–Frobenius eigenvalue. (2) For the cluster of the next maximum values, the eigenspace is spanned by the row vectors of W. (3) The direct sum of the eigenspace of the first eigenvalue and that of the third cluster is spanned by the set of all the vectors obtained as the Hadamard product of any pair of the row vectors of W. We confirmed by numerical calculation that the above is approximately correct when the number of hidden nodes is about 10000.