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Application of the relative molar sensitivity method using GC-FID to quantify safranal in saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
Safranal is one flavor component of saffron, which is used as a spice, food additive, and crude drug. In ISO3632, safranal is defined as the compound that contributes to the quality of saffron, and many quantitative determination methods for safranal have been reported. However, safranal is volatile...
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Published in: | Journal of natural medicines 2023-09, Vol.77 (4), p.829-838 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Safranal is one flavor component of saffron, which is used as a spice, food additive, and crude drug. In ISO3632, safranal is defined as the compound that contributes to the quality of saffron, and many quantitative determination methods for safranal have been reported. However, safranal is volatile and degrades easily during storage, and an analytical standard with an exact known purity is not commercially available, making it difficult to quantify accurately the content of safranal in saffron. Here, we developed a method for quantifying safranal using relative molar sensitivity (
RMS
), called the RMS method, using a GC-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). We determined the
RMS
of safranal to 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzene-
d
4
, a certified reference material commercially available, by a combination of quantitative NMR and chromatography. Using two GC-FID instruments made by different manufacturers to evaluate inter-instrument effect, the resultant RMS was 0.770, and the inter-instrument difference was 0.6%. The test solution, with a known safranal concentration, was measured by the RMS method, with an accuracy of 99.4–101%, repeatability of 0.81%, and reproducibility of 0.81–1.3%. Given the ease of degradation, high volatility, and uncertain purity of safranal reagents, the RMS method is a more accurate quantification approach compared to the calibration curve method and methods based on absorption spectrophotometry. Moreover, our findings revealed that the GC-FID makeup gas affected the
RMS
and quantitative values.
Graphical Abstract |
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ISSN: | 1340-3443 1861-0293 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s11418-023-01724-8 |