Power generation from wastewater using microbial fuel cells: A review

• Published in: Journal of biotechnology 2023-09, Vol.374, p.17-30
• Main Authors: Bazina, Naser, Ahmed, Tariq G., Almdaaf, Mostafa, Jibia, Shamsudeen, Sarker, Mosh
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Microbes; Microbial fuel cell; Power generation; Wastewater
• ISSN: 0168-1656; 1873-4863
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.07.006

As the world grapples with an imminent energy crisis brought on by the depletion of nonrenewable resources, such as petroleum, the necessity for alternative and eco-friendly power sources becomes increasingly apparent. In this regard harnessing knowledge gained from natural microorganisms to produce electricity using economical substrates is a promising solution through microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Microbial fuel cells leverage microbes' catabolic abilities to break down organic matter and release electrons that are subsequently transported across an external circuit for electricity generation. This article delves into the fundamental components involved in MFC construction and explores crucial factors that impact their performance including substrate oxidation, electron transfer, and internal resistance. Additionally, it offers a comprehensive analysis of existing microbial fuel cell designs while highlighting their respective strengths and weaknesses. Finally, the article showcases cost-effective MFC models based on thorough studies conducted worldwide while illuminating potential practical applications of this renewable energy technology. •Microbial fuel cell convert organic matter into electricity through microbial catabolism.•Electrode design varies based on substrate sources including sewage, breweries or sludge.•Membrane-less MFC are cost effective but need modification for better current efficiency.•Conventional barbon based electrodes are beign supplemented with stainless steel and metal ions.•Graphite coated rods activated with nitric acid are cost effective alternative to platinum cathodes.