Baclofen during alcohol detoxification reduces the need for additional diazepam: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

• Published in: Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford) 2023-09, Vol.58 (5), p.565-569
• Main Authors: Crunelle, Cleo L, Jegham, Sami, Vanderbruggen, Nathalie, Matthys, Frieda
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0735-0414; 1464-3502
• DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad050

Abstract Baclofen may reduce the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, as an alternative or as an adjuvant for benzodiazepines, but the available data are insufficient to support baclofen-assisted alcohol withdrawal. This study investigated the need for diazepam during acute alcohol withdrawal in patients receiving baclofen. In a single-blind, dose-dependent randomized controlled trial with three study arms, 63 patients with alcohol use disorder, starting in-patient benzodiazepine-assisted alcohol detoxification, were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n = 18), baclofen 30 mg/day (N = 20), or baclofen 60 mg/day (N = 25) for 7 days. Diazepam was provided as needed based on the withdrawal symptoms stated by Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol-revised. The primary outcome measure was the number of patients in need of diazepam during alcohol detoxification. Secondary outcome measure included the between-group difference in the amount of diazepam needed during alcohol detoxification. Using baclofen 60 mg/day, 32% of patients needed additional diazepam compared to 35% on baclofen 30 mg/day and compared to 72% on placebo (P = .013). The median total amount of diazepam needed was significantly lower in patients receiving baclofen 60 mg/day (0 ± 10 mg diazepam) and baclofen 30 mg/day (0 ± 10 mg diazepam) compared to placebo (10 ± 43 mg diazepam; P = .017). Adverse events were comparable between patients on baclofen and placebo. Baclofen can reduce the withdrawal symptoms during alcohol detoxification. Baclofen was well tolerated and may be considered for the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome, especially useful in situations where benzodiazepines should be withheld, such as patients with liver impairment. Short Summary: This single-blind, dose-dependent randomized controlled trial shows that low-dose baclofen is useful to reduce the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal in patients during alcohol detoxification. Baclofen 30 and 60 mg/day showed no severe side effects compared to placebo and was able to reduce the need for diazepam during alcohol detoxification.