The moderating role of macronutrient intake in relation to body composition and genotoxicity: A study with gym users

• Published in: Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis 2023-08, Vol.890, p.503660-503660, Article 503660
• Main Authors: Schlickmann, Diene da Silva, Molz, Patrícia, Uebel, Gabriela Cristina, Santos, Caroline, Brand, Caroline, Colombelli, Renato Alberto Weber, da Silva, Thalia Gama, Steffens, Juliana Priebe, Limberger Castilhos, Eduarda da Silva, Benito, Pedro J., Rieger, Alexandre, Franke, Silvia Isabel Rech
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Body fat; Buccal micronucleus cytome; Exercise; Fitness centers; Nutrients
• ISSN: 1383-5718; 1879-3592
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503660

In a cross-sectional study of gymnasium users (both sexes, ages = 41.9 ± 14.8 years), we examined the moderating role of macronutrient intake in relation to body composition and genotoxicity. A questionnaire was administered to evaluate characteristics of the participants. To assess macronutrient consumption, we used 24-h food recalls on three non-consecutive days. Body composition (body fat percentage and muscle mass) was evaluated with a bioimpedance scale. Genotoxicity was assessed with the buccal micronucleus cytome assay. Multiple linear regression models were applied, adjusting for age; sex; tobacco and alcohol consumption; and (with regard to exercise habits) frequency, training time, intensity, and types. Micronucleus frequency was directly associated with body fat and inversely associated with muscle mass. Our study shows that carbohydrate and fat intakes affect body fat percentage and micronucleus frequency in gymnasium users. •Among exercisers, carbohydrate intake was associated with higher body fat percentage.•Women gymnasium-goers had a higher percentage of body fat and less lean mass.•Carbohydrate and lipid intake affected body fat percentage.•Higher body fat was associated with a higher frequency of cells with micronuclei.