Effects of in vitro fecal fermentation on the metabolism and antioxidant properties of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside

• Published in: Food chemistry 2024-01, Vol.431, p.137132-137132, Article 137132
• Main Authors: Wang, Bulei, Tang, Xin, Mao, Bingyong, Zhang, Qiuxiang, Tian, Fengwei, Zhao, Jianxin, Chen, Wei, Cui, Shumao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antioxidant activity; Cyanidin-3-glucoside; Fecal fermentation; Oxidative damage
• ISSN: 0308-8146; 1873-7072
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137132

[Display omitted] •Five gut microbial metabolites were identified and qualified in fecal fermentation in vitro of C3G.•The metabolites of C3G showed better antioxidation than parent compound both in vitro and in vivo models.•Cytoprotective Nrf2 pathway modulated by C3G metabolites.•Gut microbial metabolites is a key contributor to the health benefits of C3G. Anthocyanins’ potential health benefits have garnered significant interest. However, due to low bioavailability, the gut microbiota-associated metabolites are suspected to mediate their bioactivity. In this study, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) was fermented with fecal inoculum to simulate colonic microbiota interaction in vitro. The metabolites and antioxidant properties of pre- (P-C3G) and post-fermentation (F-C3G) were determined. Fermentation significantly increased contents of five metabolites (cyanidin, protocatechuic acid, phloroglucinaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid). Additionally, F-C3G demonstrated superior radicals scavenging than P-C3G, as well as to alleviate H2O2-induced damage in HepG2 cell via increasing superoxide dismutase by 43.26% and catalase by 39.83%, reducing malonaldehyde by 16.40% and cellular ROS production, and activating Nrf2 pathway. Moreover, F-C3G significantly extended the survival rate by 20.67% of Caenorhabditis elegans under heat stress by antioxidation in vivo. This study suggested that anthocyanins metabolism by gut microbiota produce specific metabolites, which potentially exerts protection.