Theoretical prediction of early afterdepolarization-evoked triggered activity formation initiating ventricular reentrant arrhythmias

• Published in: Computer methods and programs in biomedicine 2023-10, Vol.240, p.107722-107722, Article 107722
• Main Authors: Tsumoto, Kunichika, Shimamoto, Takao, Aoji, Yuma, Himeno, Yukiko, Kuda, Yuhichi, Tanida, Mamoru, Amano, Akira, Kurata, Yasutaka
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Early afterdepolarization; Excitation propagation; Reentrant tachyarrhythmias; Repolarization heterogeneity; Triggered activity
• ISSN: 0169-2607; 1872-7565
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107722

•Early afterdepolarization (EAD) is repolarization abnormalities in ventricular cardiomyocytes.•Depolarizing waves by EADs accentuate repolarization heterogeneity within the ventricle.•Synchronous EAD developments form repolarization potential difference boundaries within the tissue.•Repolarization potential difference boundary shape is a key to triggered activity formation.•Repolarization heterogeneity due to EAD developments could trigger lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Excessive prolongation of QT interval on ECGs in patients with congenital/acquired long QT syndrome and heart failure is a sign suggesting the development of early afterdepolarization (EAD), an abnormal repolarization in the action potential of ventricular cardiomyocytes. The development of EAD has been believed to be a trigger for fatal tachyarrhythmia, which can be a risk for sudden cardiac death. The role of EAD in triggering ventricular tachycardia (VT) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of EAD-induced triggered activity formation that leads to the VT such as Torsades de Pointes. We investigated the relationship between EAD and tachyarrhythmia initiation by constructing homogeneous myocardial sheet models consisting of the mid-myocardial cell version of a human ventricular myocyte model and performing simulations of excitation propagation. A solitary island-like (clustering) occurrence of EADs in the homogeneous myocardial sheet could induce a focal excitation wave. However, reentrant excitation, an entity of tachyarrhythmia, was not able to be triggered regardless of the EAD cluster size when the focal excitation wave formed a repolarization potential difference boundary consisting of only a convex surface. The discontinuous distribution of multiple EAD clusters in the ventricular tissue formed a specific repolarization heterogeneity due to the repolarization potential difference, the shape of which depended on EAD cluster size and placed intervals. We found that the triggered activity was formed in such a manner that the repolarization potential difference boundary included a concave surface. The formation of triggered activity that led to tachyarrhythmia required not only the occurrence of EAD onset-mediated focal excitation wave but also a repolarization heterogeneity-based specific repolarization potential difference boundary shape formed within the tissue.