Transforming a Primary Li-SOCl2 Battery into a High-Power Rechargeable System via Molecular Catalysis

• Published in: Journal of the American Chemical Society 2023-10, Vol.145 (40), p.22158-22167
• Main Authors: Chen, Guodong, Li, Wenda, Du, Xiaofan, Wang, Chen, Qu, Xuelian, Gao, Xiangyu, Dong, Shanmu, Cui, Guanglei, Chen, Liquan
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0002-7863; 1520-5126
• DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07927

Li-SOCl2 batteries possess ultrahigh energy densities and superior safety features at a wide range of operating temperatures. However, the Li-SOCl2 battery system suffers from poor reversibility due to the sluggish kinetics of SOCl2 reduction during discharging and the oxidation of the insulating discharge products during charging. To achieve a high-power rechargeable Li-SOCl2 battery, herein we introduce the molecular catalyst I2 into the electrolyte to tailor the charging and discharging reaction pathways. The as-assembled rechargeable cell exhibits superior power density, sustaining an ultrahigh current density of 100 mA cm–2 during discharging and delivering a reversible capacity of 1 mAh cm–2 for 200 cycles at a current density of 2 mA cm–2 and 6 mAh cm–2 for 50 cycles at a current density of 5 mA cm–2. Our results reveal the molecular catalyst-mediated reaction mechanisms that fundamentally alter the rate-determining steps of discharging and charging in Li-SOCl2 batteries and highlight the viability of transforming a primary high-energy battery into a high-power rechargeable system, which has great potential to meet the ever-increasing demand of energy-storage systems.