Evolutionarily conserved cysteines in plant cytosolic seryl‐tRNA synthetase are important for its resistance to oxidation

• Published in: FEBS letters 2023-12, Vol.597 (23), p.2975-2992
• Main Authors: Evic, Valentina, Soic, Ruzica, Mocibob, Marko, Kekez, Mario, Houser, Josef, Wimmerová, Michaela, Matković‐Čalogović, Dubravka, Gruic‐Sovulj, Ita, Kekez, Ivana, Rokov‐Plavec, Jasmina
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase; cysteine reactivity; disulfide bond; hydrogen peroxide; oxidative stress; thermal stability
• ISSN: 0014-5793; 1873-3468
• DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14748

We have previously identified a unique disulfide bond in the crystal structure of Arabidopsis cytosolic seryl‐tRNA synthetase involving cysteines evolutionarily conserved in all green plants. Here, we discovered that both cysteines are important for protein stability, but with opposite effects, and that their microenvironment may promote disulfide bond formation in oxidizing conditions. The crystal structure of the C244S mutant exhibited higher rigidity and an extensive network of noncovalent interactions correlating with its higher thermal stability. The activity of the wild‐type showed resistance to oxidation with H2O2, while the activities of cysteine‐to‐serine mutants were impaired, indicating that the disulfide link may enable the protein to function under oxidative stress conditions which can be beneficial for an efficient plant stress response. We have examined the role of the disulfide link between evolutionarily conserved cysteines in plant cytosolic seryl‐tRNA synthetase. We have identified features of the protein microenvironment which may promote disulfide bond formation in oxidizing conditions. Activity assays showed that the disulfide link is important for protein resistance to oxidation, which may be beneficial for translation during oxidative stress conditions in plants.