Toxic potential assessment of hair dye developer 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine sulfate exposed under ambient UVB radiation

Synthetic cosmetics, particularly hair dyes, are becoming increasingly popular among people of all ages and genders. 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine sulfate (TAPS) is a key component of oxidative hair dyes and is used as a developer in several hair dyes. TAPS has previously been shown to absorb UVB str...

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Published in:Toxicology and industrial health 2024-02, Vol.40 (1-2), p.1-8
Main Authors: Shukla, Saumya, Chauhan, Priyanka, Gaur, Prakriti, Rana, Priyanka, Patel, Sunil Kumar, Chopra, Deepti, Vikram, Apeksha, Prajapati, Gaurav, Yadav, Akhilesh Kumar, Kotian, Sumana Y, Bala, Lakshmi, Dwivedi, Ashish, Mishra, Aradhana
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Bacteria
Cosmetics
Degradation
Dyes
Female
Hair
Hair dyes
Hair Dyes - metabolism
Hair Dyes - toxicity
Humans
Irradiation
Keratinocytes - metabolism
Male
Mammals
Metabolism
Phenotypes
Phototoxicity
Skin
Staphylococcus aureus
Sulfates
Sulfates - toxicity
Toxicity
Ultraviolet radiation
Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects
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Summary:Synthetic cosmetics, particularly hair dyes, are becoming increasingly popular among people of all ages and genders. 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine sulfate (TAPS) is a key component of oxidative hair dyes and is used as a developer in several hair dyes. TAPS has previously been shown to absorb UVB strongly and degrade in a time-dependent manner, causing phototoxicity in human skin cells. However, the toxic effects of UVB-degraded TAPS are not explored in comparison to parent TAPS. Therefore, this research work aims to assess the toxicity of UVB-degraded TAPS than TAPS on two different test systems, that is, HaCaT (mammalian cell) and Staphylococcus aureus (a bacterial cell). Our result on HaCaT has illustrated that UVB-degraded TAPS is less toxic than parent TAPS. Additionally, UVB-exposed TAPS and parent TAPS were given to S. aureus, and the bacterial growth and their metabolic activity were assessed via CFU and phenotype microarray. The findings demonstrated that parent TAPS reduced bacterial growth via decreased metabolic activity; however, bacteria easily utilized the degraded TAPS. Thus, this study suggests that the products generated after UVB irradiation of TAPS is considered to be safer than their parent TAPS. Graphical Abstract
ISSN:0748-2337
1477-0393
DOI:10.1177/07482337231209352