Long-term occupational exposures on disability-free survival and mortality in older adults

• Published in: Occupational medicine (Oxford) 2023-12, Vol.73 (8), p.492-499
• Main Authors: Alif, S M, Benke, G P, Kromhout, H, Vermeulen, R, Tran, C, Ronaldson, K, Walker-Bone, K, Woods, R, Beilin, L, Tonkin, A, Owen, A J, McNeil, J J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Aspirin; Dust; Female; Humans; Male; Occupational Exposure - adverse effects; Pesticides; Risk Factors
• ISSN: 0962-7480; 1471-8405
• DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad105

Abstract Background The impact of long-term occupational exposures on health in older adults is increasingly relevant as populations age. To date, no studies have reported their impact on survival free of disability in older adults. Aims We aimed to investigate the association between long-term occupational exposure and disability-free survival (DFS), all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in initially healthy older adults. Methods We analysed data from 12 215 healthy participants in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study whose mean age was 75 years. Their work history was collated with the ‘ALOHA-plus JEM’ (Job Exposure Matrix) to assign occupational exposures. The primary endpoint, DFS, was a composite measure of death, dementia or persistent physical disability. The secondary endpoint, mortality, was classified according to the underlying cause. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for confounders. Results A total of 1835 individuals reached the DFS endpoint during the median 4.7 years follow-up period. Both ever-high and cumulative exposure to all dusts and all pesticides during a person’s working years were associated with reduced DFS. Compared to no exposure, men with high exposure to dusts and pesticides had a reduced DFS. Neither of these exposures were significantly associated with all-cause mortality. Men with high occupational exposure to solvents and women exposed to dusts experienced higher all-cause and cancer-related mortality. Conclusions Long-term occupational exposure to all dusts and pesticides was associated with a reduced DFS and increased mortality in community-dwelling healthy older adults. Long-term occupational exposure may affect health in older age. Until now, no studies have investigated their influence on disability-free survival. This study analysed the ALSOP data from healthy older individuals, and identified that ever-high and cumulative exposure to dust and pesticides was associated with reduced disability-free survival after 70 years of age. However, no such association was observed with all solvent or metal exposure, suggesting that exposure to dust and pesticides may pose distinct risks.