Cerebral Venous Thrombosis during Thyrotoxicosis: Case Report and Literature Update

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of stroke, particularly in young adults. Several known thrombophilic conditions may lead to an increased CVT risk. Interestingly, few cases in the literature have reported an association between CVT and thyrotoxicosis. Here, we describe the case of a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of personalized medicine 2023-11, Vol.13 (11), p.1557
Main Authors: Raho, Emanuela Maria, Antonioni, Annibale, Cotta Ramusino, Niccolò, Jubea, Dina, Gragnaniello, Daniela, Franceschetti, Paola, Penitenti, Francesco, Daniele, Andrea, Zatelli, Maria Chiara, Naccarato, Maurizio, Traluci, Ilaria, Pugliatti, Maura, Padroni, Marina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anticoagulants
Blood tests
Case reports
Coexistence
Coma
Consciousness
Emergency medical care
Females
Graves disease
Head injuries
Headaches
Hormones
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Intracranial pressure
Literature reviews
Magnetic resonance imaging
Mutation
Patients
Precision medicine
Risk factors
Sinuses
Thrombophlebitis
Thrombosis
Thyroid diseases
Thyrotoxicosis
Young adults
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Summary:Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of stroke, particularly in young adults. Several known thrombophilic conditions may lead to an increased CVT risk. Interestingly, few cases in the literature have reported an association between CVT and thyrotoxicosis. Here, we describe the case of a young woman with CVT and concomitant thyrotoxicosis, without any other known prothrombotic conditions. We also performed a literature review of CVT cases and hyperthyroidism, searching for all articles published in peer-reviewed journals. We identified 39 case reports/case series concerning patients with CVT associated with thyrotoxicosis, highlighting, in most cases, the association with additional known prothrombotic factors. We then discussed the possible mechanisms by which hyperthyroidism could underlie a pro-coagulative state resulting in CVT. Thyroid disease might be a more common prothrombotic risk factor than expected in determining CVT. However, in most cases, a coexistence of multiple risk factors was observed, suggesting a multifactorial genesis of the disorder. We hope that this work may alert clinicians to consider thyrotoxicosis as a potential risk factor for CVT, even in patients who apparently have no other pro-coagulative conditions.
ISSN:2075-4426
2075-4426
DOI:10.3390/jpm13111557