Tropical cyclone winds and precipitation stimulate cone production in the masting species longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)

Many trees exhibit masting - where reproduction is temporally variable and synchronous over large areas. Several dominant masting species occur in tropical cyclone (TC)-prone regions, but it is unknown whether TCs correlate with mast seeding. We analyzed long-term data (1958-2022) to test the hypoth...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The New phytologist 2024-04, Vol.242 (1), p.289-301
Main Authors: Cannon, Jeffery B, Rutledge, Brandon T, Puhlick, Joshua J, Willis, John L, Brockway, Dale G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Correlation
Cyclones
Cyclonic Storms
Evergreen trees
Forests
Hurricanes
Meteorological data
Pine
Pine trees
Pinus
Pinus palustris
Precipitation
Reproduction
Satellite imagery
Satellite observation
Stress
Trees
Tropical cyclones
Wind
Wind stress
Winds
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Summary:Many trees exhibit masting - where reproduction is temporally variable and synchronous over large areas. Several dominant masting species occur in tropical cyclone (TC)-prone regions, but it is unknown whether TCs correlate with mast seeding. We analyzed long-term data (1958-2022) to test the hypothesis that TCs influence cone production in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris). We integrate field observations, weather data, satellite imagery, and hurricane models to test whether TCs influence cone production via: increased precipitation; canopy density reduction; and/or mechanical stress from wind. Cone production was 31% higher 1 yr after hurricanes and 71% higher after 2 yr, before returning to baseline levels. Cyclone-associated precipitation was correlated with increased cone production in wet years and cone production increased after low-intensity winds (≤ 25 m s ) but not with high-intensity winds (> 25 m s ). Tropical cyclones may stimulate cone production via precipitation addition, but high-intensity winds may offset any gains. Our study is the first to support the direct influence of TCs on reproduction, suggesting a previously unknown environmental correlate of masting, which may occur in hurricane-prone forests world-wide.
ISSN:0028-646X
1469-8137
DOI:10.1111/nph.19381